Journal ArticleDOI
Quantum cascade lasers: ultrahigh-speed operation, optical wireless communication, narrow linewidth, and far-infrared emission
Federico Capasso,Roberto Paiella,Rainer Martini,Raffaele Colombelli,Claire F. Gmachl,Tanya L. Myers,Matthew S. Taubman,Richard M. Williams,Clyde G. Bethea,Karl Unterrainer,Harold Y. Hwang,Deborah L. Sivco,A.Y. Cho,A.M. Sergent,Hang Liu,Edward A. Whittaker +15 more
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TLDR
In this article, the authors provide a comprehensive review of recent developments that will likely enable important advances in areas such as optical communications, ultra-high resolution spectroscopy and applications to ultrahigh sensitivity gas-sensing systems.Abstract:
Following an introduction to the history of the invention of the quantum cascade (QC) laser and of the band-structure engineering advances that have led to laser action over most of the mid-infrared (IR) and part of the far-IR spectrum, the paper provides a comprehensive review of recent developments that will likely enable important advances in areas such as optical communications, ultrahigh resolution spectroscopy and applications to ultrahigh sensitivity gas-sensing systems We discuss the experimental observation of the remarkably different frequency response of QC lasers compared to diode lasers, ie, the absence of relaxation oscillations, their high-speed digital modulation, and results on mid-IR optical wireless communication links, which demonstrate the possibility of reliably transmitting complex multimedia data streams Ultrashort pulse generation by gain switching and active and passive modelocking is subsequently discussed Recent data on the linewidth of free-running QC lasers (/spl sim/150 kHz) and their frequency stabilization down to 10 kHz are presented Experiments on the relative frequency stability (/spl sim/5 Hz) of two QC lasers locked to optical cavities are discussed Finally, developments in metallic waveguides with surface plasmon modes, which have enabled extension of the operating wavelength to the far IR are reportedread more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Black Phosphorus Mid-Infrared Photodetectors with High Gain
Qiushi Guo,Andreas Pospischil,Maruf A. Bhuiyan,Hao Jiang,He Tian,Damon B. Farmer,Bingchen Deng,Cheng Li,Shu-Jen Han,Han Wang,Qiangfei Xia,Tso-Ping Ma,Thomas Mueller,Fengnian Xia +13 more
TL;DR: Noise measurements show that such BP photodetectors are capable of sensing mid-infrared light in the picowatt range, and the high photoresponse remains effective at kilohertz modulation frequencies, because of the fast carrier dynamics arising from BP's moderate bandgap.
Journal ArticleDOI
Si/SiGe heterostructures: from material and physics to devices and circuits
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a review of the material properties, growth techniques, band structure and the main electronic devices of the Si/SiGe heterostructure system, in particular, the important device technologies in mainstream microelectronics.
Journal ArticleDOI
Terahertz fields and applications
Daniela Dragoman,Mircea Dragoman +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the most recent results in terahertz fields and focused on the physical principles of tera-hertz generators and receivers, underlining the link between terahethertz devices and modern technologies such as micromachining and nanotechnology.
Journal ArticleDOI
Quantum cascade lasers: a versatile source for precise measurements in the mid/far-infrared range
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an overview of recent developments of quantum cascade lasers (QCLs), from the mid-infrared (mid-IR) to the far-IR (THz) range, with a special focus on their metrological-grade applications in a number of fields.
Journal ArticleDOI
Quantum cascade surface-emitting photonic crystal laser.
Raffaele Colombelli,Raffaele Colombelli,Kartik Srinivasan,Mariano Troccoli,Oskar Painter,Claire F. Gmachl,Claire F. Gmachl,Donald M. Tennant,A. Michael Sergent,Deborah L. Sivco,Alfred Y. Cho,Federico Capasso +11 more
TL;DR: The miniaturization and tailorable emission properties of this design are potentially important for sensing applications, while electrical pumping can allow new studies of photonic crystal and surface plasmon structures in nonlinear and near-field optics.
References
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PatentDOI
Quantum cascade laser
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a quantum cascade laser consisting of a gain region (14) consisting of several layers (20) each including: alternating strata of a first type (28) defining each AllnAs quantum barrier and strata with injection barriers interposed between two of the layers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Laser phase and frequency stabilization using an optical resonator
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a new and highly effective optical frequency discriminator and laser stabilization system based on signals reflected from a stable Fabry-Perot reference interferometer.
Journal ArticleDOI
Superlattice and negative differential conductivity in semiconductors
Leo Esaki,Raphael Tsu +1 more
TL;DR: The study of superlattices and observations of quantum mechanical effects on a new physical scale may provide a valuable area of investigation in the fieId of semiconductors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Quantum‐well infrared photodetectors
TL;DR: The literature on quantum-well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) is reviewed in this paper, where a detailed discussion is given on the device physics of the intersubband absorption and hot-carrier transport processes for individual detectors, as well as the high performance which has been achieved for large staring arrays.
Journal ArticleDOI
The hitran molecular database: editions of 1991 and 1992
Laurence S. Rothman,Robert R. Gamache,R. H. Tipping,Curtis P. Rinsland,Mary Ann H. Smith,D. Chris Benner,V. Malathy Devi,J. M. Flaud,Claude Camy-Peyret,Agnes Perrin,A. Goldman,Steven T. Massie,Linda R. Brown,Robert A. Toth +13 more
TL;DR: The HITRAN molecular absorption database as mentioned in this paper contains line parameters for 31 species and their isotopomers that are significant for terrestrial atmospheric studies, including chlorofluorocarbons and other molecular species that are not amenable to line-by-line representation.