Selective autophagy of intracellular organelles: recent research advances.
Wen Li,Wen Li,Pengcheng He,Yuge Huang,Yi-Fang Li,Jia-Hong Lu,Min Li,Hiroshi Kurihara,Zhuo Luo,Tian Meng,Mashun Onishi,Changle Ma,Lei Jiang,Yongquan Hu,Qing Gong,Dongxing Zhu,Yiming Xu,Rong Liu,Lei Liu,Cong Yi,Yushan Zhu,Ningfang Ma,Koji Okamoto,Zhiping Xie,Jinbao Liu,Rong-Rong He,Du Feng +26 more
TLDR
The 'cargo-ligand-receptor' model in selective autophagy for specific organelles or cellular components in yeast and mammals is emphasized, with a focus on mitophagy and ER-phagy, which are finely described as types of selective autophile.Abstract:
Macroautophagy (hereafter called autophagy) is a highly conserved physiological process that degrades over-abundant or damaged organelles, large protein aggregates and invading pathogens via the lysosomal system (the vacuole in plants and yeast). Autophagy is generally induced by stress, such as oxygen-, energy- or amino acid-deprivation, irradiation, drugs, etc. In addition to non-selective bulk degradation, autophagy also occurs in a selective manner, recycling specific organelles, such as mitochondria, peroxisomes, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lysosomes, nuclei, proteasomes and lipid droplets (LDs). This capability makes selective autophagy a major process in maintaining cellular homeostasis. The dysfunction of selective autophagy is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), tumorigenesis, metabolic disorders, heart failure, etc. Considering the importance of selective autophagy in cell biology, we systemically review the recent advances in our understanding of this process and its regulatory mechanisms. We emphasize the 'cargo-ligand-receptor' model in selective autophagy for specific organelles or cellular components in yeast and mammals, with a focus on mitophagy and ER-phagy, which are finely described as types of selective autophagy. Additionally, we highlight unanswered questions in the field, helping readers focus on the research blind spots that need to be broken.read more
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Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease.
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OUP accepted manuscript
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Autophagy and skin wound healing
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References
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AMPK and mTOR regulate autophagy through direct phosphorylation of Ulk1
TL;DR: A molecular mechanism for regulation of the mammalian autophagy-initiating kinase Ulk1, a homologue of yeast ATG1, is demonstrated and a signalling mechanism for UlK1 regulation and autophagic induction in response to nutrient signalling is revealed.
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Autophagy: Renovation of Cells and Tissues
Noboru Mizushima,Masaaki Komatsu +1 more
TL;DR: It is explored how recent mouse models in combination with advances in human genetics are providing key insights into how the impairment or activation of autophagy contributes to pathogenesis of diverse diseases, from neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson disease to inflammatory disorders such as Crohn disease.
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Autophagy: process and function
TL;DR: In this review, the process of autophagy is summarized, and the role of autophileagy is discussed in a process-based manner.
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Pathophysiology, Transmission, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review.
W. Joost Wiersinga,Andrew Rhodes,Allen C. Cheng,Sharon J. Peacock,Sharon J. Peacock,Hallie C. Prescott +5 more
TL;DR: This review discusses current evidence regarding the pathophysiology, transmission, diagnosis, and management of COVID-19, the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic that has caused a worldwide sudden and substantial increase in hospitalizations for pneumonia with multiorgan disease.
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Autophagy regulates lipid metabolism
Rajat Singh,Susmita Kaushik,Yongjun Wang,Youqing Xiang,Inna Novak,Masaaki Komatsu,Keiji Tanaka,Ana Maria Cuervo,Mark J. Czaja +8 more
TL;DR: A previously unknown function for autophagy in regulating intracellular lipid stores (macrolipophagy) is identified that could have important implications for human diseases with lipid over-accumulation such as those that comprise the metabolic syndrome.