Journal ArticleDOI
Spacetime constraints
Andrew Witkin,Michael Kass +1 more
- pp 159-168
TLDR
This work presents as examples a Luxo lamp performing a variety of coordinated motions that conform to such principles of traditional animation as anticipation, squash-and-stretch, follow-through, and timing.Abstract:
Spacetime constraints are a new method for creating character animation. The animator specifies what the character has to do, for instance, "jump from here to there, clearing a hurdle in between;" how the motion should be performed, for instance "don't waste energy," or "come down hard enough to splatter whatever you land on;" the character's physical structure---the geometry, mass, connectivity, etc. of the parts; and the physical resources' available to the character to accomplish the motion, for instance the character's muscles, a floor to push off from, etc. The requirements contained in this description, together with Newton's laws, comprise a problem of constrained optimization. The solution to this problem is a physically valid motion satisfying the "what" constraints and optimizing the "how" criteria. We present as examples a Luxo lamp performing a variety of coordinated motions. These realistic motions conform to such principles of traditional animation as anticipation, squash-and-stretch, follow-through, and timing.read more
Citations
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Proceedings ArticleDOI
Combining the benefits of function approximation and trajectory optimization.
Igor Mordatch,Emo Todorov +1 more
TL;DR: This work develops a new trajectory optimizer based on inverse contact dynamics, and provides not only the trajectories but also the feedback gains as training data to the network.
Dissertation
Discriminative, generative and imitative learning
Tony Jebara,Alex Pentland +1 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that imitative learning can be adequately addressed as a discriminative prediction task which outperforms the usual generative approach and is applied with a generative perceptual system to synthesize a real-time agent that learns to engage in social interactive behavior.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Controlled animation of video sprites
Arno Schödl,Irfan Essa +1 more
TL;DR: A new optimization algorithm for video sprites to animate realistic-looking characters and a new technique to find good frame arrangements is based on repeated partial replacements of the sequence, which allows the user to specify animations using a flexible cost function.
Journal ArticleDOI
Optimization-based interactive motion synthesis
TL;DR: A physics-based approach to synthesizing motion of a virtual character in a dynamically varying environment that allows the programmer to specify active control strategies using intuitive kinematic goals, significantly reducing the engineering effort entailed in active body control.
Book
Artificial animals for computer animation: biomechanics, locomotion, perception, and behavior
TL;DR: This work models the form and appearance of Fishes using a biomechanical Fish Model and Locomotion system and the Graphical User Interface to model the Marine Environment.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Proceedings ArticleDOI
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