Journal ArticleDOI
Spacetime constraints
Andrew Witkin,Michael Kass +1 more
- pp 159-168
TLDR
This work presents as examples a Luxo lamp performing a variety of coordinated motions that conform to such principles of traditional animation as anticipation, squash-and-stretch, follow-through, and timing.Abstract:
Spacetime constraints are a new method for creating character animation. The animator specifies what the character has to do, for instance, "jump from here to there, clearing a hurdle in between;" how the motion should be performed, for instance "don't waste energy," or "come down hard enough to splatter whatever you land on;" the character's physical structure---the geometry, mass, connectivity, etc. of the parts; and the physical resources' available to the character to accomplish the motion, for instance the character's muscles, a floor to push off from, etc. The requirements contained in this description, together with Newton's laws, comprise a problem of constrained optimization. The solution to this problem is a physically valid motion satisfying the "what" constraints and optimizing the "how" criteria. We present as examples a Luxo lamp performing a variety of coordinated motions. These realistic motions conform to such principles of traditional animation as anticipation, squash-and-stretch, follow-through, and timing.read more
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DissertationDOI
Behavior Generation for Interpersonal Coordination with Virtual Humans: on Specifying, Scheduling and Realizing Multimodal Virtual Human Behavior
TL;DR: This thesis combines the physical naturalness provided by physically realistic animation with the control provided by procedural animation, and builds on the notion that the requirements of physical integrity and tight temporal synchronization are often of different importance for different body parts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Real Time Animation of Virtual Humans: A Trade-off Between Naturalness and Control
TL;DR: The promise of combinations of different animation paradigms to enhance both naturalness and control is shown by showing the mechanisms to parametrize, combine, combine and concatenate motions generated by different animation techniques.
Proceedings Article
Dynamic Animation and Control Environment
TL;DR: The architecture and potential applications of DANCE as a research tool are presented, and lessons learned in developing a large framework for animation are discussed.
ReportDOI
Beyond keyframing: an algorithmic approach to animation
A. James Stewart,James F. Cremer +1 more
TL;DR: A paradigm that combines the advantages of physical simulation and algorithmic specification of movement to control a walking biped is presented and the results from testing with the Newton simulation system are presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Goal-oriented design and correction of articulated figure motion with the TRACK system
TL;DR: This work has dedicated this system to the design and evaluation of human motions for the purpose of animation and insure the real-time display of the 3D figure motion.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Review of pseudoinverse control for use with kinematically redundant manipulators
Charles A. Klein,C.-H. Huang +1 more
TL;DR: Kinematically redundant manipulators have a number of potential advantages over current manipulator designs and velocity control through pseudoinverses is suggested for this type of arm.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Principles of traditional animation applied to 3D computer animation
TL;DR: The basic principles of traditional 2D hand drawn animation and their application to 3D computer animation are described and how these principles evolved is described.