Journal ArticleDOI
Spacetime constraints
Andrew Witkin,Michael Kass +1 more
- pp 159-168
TLDR
This work presents as examples a Luxo lamp performing a variety of coordinated motions that conform to such principles of traditional animation as anticipation, squash-and-stretch, follow-through, and timing.Abstract:
Spacetime constraints are a new method for creating character animation. The animator specifies what the character has to do, for instance, "jump from here to there, clearing a hurdle in between;" how the motion should be performed, for instance "don't waste energy," or "come down hard enough to splatter whatever you land on;" the character's physical structure---the geometry, mass, connectivity, etc. of the parts; and the physical resources' available to the character to accomplish the motion, for instance the character's muscles, a floor to push off from, etc. The requirements contained in this description, together with Newton's laws, comprise a problem of constrained optimization. The solution to this problem is a physically valid motion satisfying the "what" constraints and optimizing the "how" criteria. We present as examples a Luxo lamp performing a variety of coordinated motions. These realistic motions conform to such principles of traditional animation as anticipation, squash-and-stretch, follow-through, and timing.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Human Motion Synthesis with Optimization‐based Graphs
TL;DR: This paper introduces an optimization‐based graph that combines continuous constrained optimization with graph‐based motion synthesis and proposes to build this graph semi‐autonomously by requiring a user to classify generated transitions as acceptable or not and explicitly minimizing the amount of required classifications.
Book ChapterDOI
Inverse Kinetics for Center of Mass Position Control and Posture Optimization
TL;DR: The range of Inverse Kinematics has been extended by integrating the mass distribution information to embody the control of the position of the center of gravity of any articulated figure in single support (open tree structure).
A differential approach to graphical interaction
Michael Gleicher,Andrew Witkin +1 more
TL;DR: This dissertation presents a new approach that provides a systematic method for implementing flexible, combinable interactive controls that uses constrained optimization to couple user controls to graphical objects in a manner that permits a variety of controls to be freely combined.
Journal ArticleDOI
Combining active and passive simulations for secondary motion
TL;DR: While the authors simulated the secondary motion of many of the objects in the scene, a number of objects remain motionless, so modeling a few of the moving and flexible objects appears to emphasize the lack of motion in the others.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Efficient simulation of example-based materials
Christian Schumacher,Bernhard Thomaszewski,Stelian Coros,Sebastian Martin,Robert W. Sumner,Markus Gross +5 more
TL;DR: A new method for efficiently simulating art-directable deformable materials using an incompatible representation for input and interpolated poses that allows us to bypass costly reconstruction steps and achieve significant performance improvements compared to previous work.
References
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Proceedings ArticleDOI
Elastically deformable models
TL;DR: The description of shape and the description of motion are unified and differential equations that model the behavior of non-rigid curves, surfaces, and solids as a function of time are constructed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Review of pseudoinverse control for use with kinematically redundant manipulators
Charles A. Klein,C.-H. Huang +1 more
TL;DR: Kinematically redundant manipulators have a number of potential advantages over current manipulator designs and velocity control through pseudoinverses is suggested for this type of arm.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Principles of traditional animation applied to 3D computer animation
TL;DR: The basic principles of traditional 2D hand drawn animation and their application to 3D computer animation are described and how these principles evolved is described.