Journal ArticleDOI
Spot the Difference: Engineered and Natural Nanoparticles in the Environment—Release, Behavior, and Fate
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TLDR
It is the aim of this Review to critically compare naturally observed processes with those found for engineered systems to identify the "nanospecific" properties of manufactured particles and describe critical knowledge gaps relevant for the risk assessment of manufactured nanomaterials in the environment.Abstract:
The production and use of nanoparticles leads to the emission of manufactured or engineered nanoparticles into the environment. Those particles undergo many possible reactions and interactions in the environment they are exposed to. These reactions and the resulting behavior and fate of nanoparticles in the environment have been studied for decades through naturally occurring nanoparticulate (1–100 nm) and colloidal (1–1000 nm) substances. The knowledge gained from these investigations is nowhere near sufficiently complete to create a detailed model of the behavior and fate of engineered nanoparticles in the environment, but is a valuable starting point for the risk assessment of these novel materials. It is the aim of this Review to critically compare naturally observed processes with those found for engineered systems to identify the “nanospecific” properties of manufactured particles and describe critical knowledge gaps relevant for the risk assessment of manufactured nanomaterials in the environment.read more
Citations
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Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations.
TL;DR: The aim of this review is to compare synthetic (engineered) and naturally occurring nanoparticles (NPs) and nanostructured materials (NSMs) to identify their nanoscale properties and to define the specific knowledge gaps related to the risk assessment of NPs and NSMs in the environment.
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Nanoparticles in the environment: where do we come from, where do we go to?
Mirco Bundschuh,Mirco Bundschuh,Juliane Filser,Simon Lüderwald,Moira S. McKee,George Metreveli,Gabriele E. Schaumann,Ralf Schulz,Stephan Wagner +8 more
TL;DR: Recent achievements in the field of nano-ecotoxicology in both aquatic and terrestrial systems are highlighted but also substantial gaps that require further attention in the future are referred to.
Journal ArticleDOI
Toxicity of Metal Compounds: Knowledge and Myths
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss existing opinions concerning the possibilities of toxicity measurements, high toxicity of heavy-metal compounds, correlation between the structure of a metal compound and its toxicity, biological effect of direct/indirect contacts with metal compounds, and dangers of metal nanoparticles.
Journal ArticleDOI
Natural inorganic nanoparticles--formation, fate, and toxicity in the environment.
TL;DR: The toxicity of NNPs may differ from that of ENPs because of differences in the coatings on the nanoparticle surfaces, and an example of this phenomenon is presented and is briefly discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Which Metals are Green for Catalysis? Comparison of the Toxicities of Ni, Cu, Fe, Pd, Pt, Rh, and Au Salts.
TL;DR: Comparison of the toxicological data indicates that palladium, platinum, and gold compounds, often considered heavy and toxic, may in fact be not so dangerous, whereas complexes of nickel and copper, typically assumed to be green and sustainable alternatives, may possess significant toxicities, which is also greatly affected by the solubility in water and biological fluids.
References
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Book
Aquatic Chemistry: Chemical Equilibria and Rates in Natural Waters
Werner Stumm,James J. Morgan +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the Solid-Water Interface Adsorption Dissolution of Minerals Nucleation and Crystal Growth Particle-Particle Interaction Colloids Coagulation and Filtration Regulation of the Chemical Composition of Natural Waters (Examples) Thermodynamic Data.
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Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Food and Personal Care Products
TL;DR: This research showed that, while many white-colored products contained titanium, it was not a prerequisite and testing should focus on food-grade TiO(2) (E171) rather than that adopted in many environmental health and safety tests (i.e., P25), which is used in much lower amounts in products less likely to enter the environment.
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Nanoparticle Silver Released into Water from Commercially Available Sock Fabrics
Troy M. Benn,Paul Westerhoff +1 more
TL;DR: Variable leaching rates among sock types suggests that the sock manufacturing process may control the release of silver, and physical separation and ion selective electrode (ISE) analyses suggest that both colloidal and ionic silver leach from the socks.
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Towards a definition of inorganic nanoparticles from an environmental, health and safety perspective
Mélanie Auffan,Jérôme Rose,Jérôme Rose,Jean-Yves Bottero,Jean-Yves Bottero,Gregory V. Lowry,Gregory V. Lowry,Jean-Pierre Jolivet,Jean-Pierre Jolivet,Mark R. Wiesner +9 more
TL;DR: It is argued that evidence for novel size-dependent properties alone, rather than particle size, should be the primary criterion in any definition of nanoparticles when making decisions about their regulation for environmental, health and safety reasons.
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Ion Release Kinetics and Particle Persistence in Aqueous Nano-Silver Colloids
Jingyu Liu,Robert H. Hurt +1 more
TL;DR: An empirical kinetic law is proposed that reproduces the observed effects of dissolution time, pH, humic/fulvic acid content, and temperature observed here in the low range of nanosilver concentration most relevant for the environment.