Journal ArticleDOI
Terrestrial ecosystems and the global biogeochemical silica cycle
TLDR
The terrestrial biogeochemical Si cycle is of great interest because of its impact on global CO2 concentrations through the combined processes of weathering of silicate minerals and transfer of CO2 from the atmosphere to the lithosphere as discussed by the authors.Abstract:
[1] Most research on the global Si cycle has focused nearly exclusively on weathering or the oceanic Si cycle and has not explored the complexity of the terrestrial biogeochemical cycle. The global biogeochemical Si cycle is of great interest because of its impact on global CO2 concentrations through the combined processes of weathering of silicate minerals and transfer of CO2 from the atmosphere to the lithosphere. A sizable pool of Si is contained as accumulations of amorphous silica, or biogenic silica (BSi), in living tissues of growing plants, known as phytoliths, and, after decomposition of organic material, as remains in the soil. The annual fixation of phytolith silica ranges from 60–200 Tmol yr−1 and rivals that fixed in the oceanic biogeochemical cycle (240 Tmol yr−1). Internal recycling of the phytolith pool is intense with riverine fluxes of dissolved silicate to the oceans buffered by the terrestrial biogeochemical Si cycle, challenging the ability of weathering models to predict rates of weathering and consequently, changes in global climate. Consideration must be given to the influence of the terrestrial BSi pool on variations in the global biogeochemical Si cycle over geologic time and the influence man has had on modifying both the terrestrial and aquatic biogeochemical cycles.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet
Will Steffen,Will Steffen,Katherine Richardson,Johan Rockström,Sarah Cornell,Ingo Fetzer,Elena M. Bennett,Reinette Biggs,Reinette Biggs,Stephen R. Carpenter,Wim de Vries,Cynthia A. de Wit,Carl Folke,Carl Folke,Dieter Gerten,Jens Heinke,Jens Heinke,Jens Heinke,Georgina M. Mace,Linn Persson,Veerabhadran Ramanathan,Veerabhadran Ramanathan,Belinda Reyers,Belinda Reyers,Sverker Sörlin +24 more
TL;DR: An updated and extended analysis of the planetary boundary (PB) framework and identifies levels of anthropogenic perturbations below which the risk of destabilization of the Earth system (ES) is likely to remain low—a “safe operating space” for global societal development.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Evolution of Modern Eukaryotic Phytoplankton
Paul G. Falkowski,Miriam E. Katz,Andrew H. Knoll,Antonietta Quigg,John A. Raven,Oscar Schofield,F. J. R. Taylor +6 more
TL;DR: The geological, geochemical, and biological processes that contributed to the rise of the dinoflagellates, coccolithophores, and diatoms all contain plastids derived from an ancestral red alga by secondary symbiosis are examined.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global river nutrient export: A scenario analysis of past and future trends
Sybil P. Seitzinger,Emilio Mayorga,Emilio Mayorga,Alexander F. Bouwman,Alexander F. Bouwman,Carolien Kroeze,Carolien Kroeze,Arthur H. W. Beusen,Gilles Billen,G. Van Drecht,Egon Dumont,Balázs M. Fekete,Balázs M. Fekete,Josette Garnier,John A. Harrison +14 more
TL;DR: In this paper, an integrated modeling approach was used to connect socioeconomic factors and nutrient management to river export of nitrogen, phosphorus, silica and carbon based on an updated Global NEWS model.
Journal ArticleDOI
Benefits of plant silicon for crops: a review
TL;DR: In this article, a review of recent advances on the mechanisms of Si accumulation in plants and its behavior in soil is presented, focusing on the ten most important crops are considered to be Si accumulators with concentration of Si above 1% dry weight.
Journal ArticleDOI
Silicon pools and fluxes in soils and landscapes—a review
TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarized the current knowledge on the different pools and fluxes of Si in soils and terrestrial biogeosystems, including the contribution of the biogenic sources to Si redistribution within soil profiles and desilication.
References
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Book
The Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants
M. H. Martin,H. Marschner +1 more
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the relationship between Mineral Nutrition and Plant Diseases and Pests, and the Soil-Root Interface (Rhizosphere) in Relation to Mineral Nutrition.
Journal ArticleDOI
The anomaly of silicon in plant biology.
TL;DR: Ample evidence is presented that silicon, when readily available to plants, plays a large role in their growth, mineral nutrition, mechanical strength, and resistance to fungal diseases, herbivory, and adverse chemical conditions of the medium.
Journal ArticleDOI
The silica balance in the world ocean: a reestimate.
Paul Tréguer,David M. Nelson,Aleido J. van Bennekom,David J. DeMaster,Aude Leynaert,Bernard Quéguiner +5 more
TL;DR: The net inputs of silicic acid (dissolved silica) to the world ocean have been revised to 6.1 � 2.0 teramoles of silicon per year (1 teramole = 1012 moles).
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of Forest Cutting and Herbicide Treatment on Nutrient Budgets in the Hubbard Brook Watershed-Ecosystem
TL;DR: Large increases in streamwater concentration were observed for all major ions, except NH4+, SO4 = and HCO3—, approximately five months after the deforestation, and an inverse relationship between sulfate and nitrate concentrations in stream water was observed in both undisturbed and deforested situations.