Journal ArticleDOI
The ears of the hippopotamus: manifestations, determinants, and estimates of the malaria burden.
TLDR
To decrease and stop transmission of this intolerable scourge, there is an urgent need for malaria vaccines, newer drugs, and better vector control methods as well as the ability to improve current technologies and use them more efficiently.Abstract:
Malarious patients experience asymptomatic parasitemia; acute febrile illness (with cerebral damage, anemia, respiratory distress, hypoglycemia); chronic debilitation (anemia, malnutrition, nervous system-related sequelae); and complications of pregnancy (anemia, low birth weight, increased infant mortality). These manifestations in patients, communities, and countries reflect intrinsic (human, parasite, mosquito) and extrinsic (environmental, social, behavioral, political, and economic conditions as well as disease-control efforts) determinants. At a minimum, between 700,000 and 2.7 million persons die yearly from malaria, over 75% of them African children. Between 400 and 900 million acute febrile episodes occur yearly in African children under 5 yr of age living in endemic areas. Although about half of these children are parasitemic, all merit consideration of malaria-specific therapy, which is becoming more problematic because of parasite resistance to drugs. These numbers will more than double over the next 20 yr without effective control. Fewer than 20% of these febrile episodes and deaths come to the attention of any formal health system. The relatively few ill patients who have any contact with the health services represent the "ears of the hippopotamus." Greatly intensified research activities and control of the intolerable burden of malaria are mandatory if economic development is to accelerate in Africa. In particular, support should be targeted to understanding and preventing malaria-induced anemia, hypoglycemia, effects on pregnancy, and neurologic and developmental impairment. To decrease and stop transmission of this intolerable scourge, there is an urgent need for malaria vaccines, newer drugs, and better vector control methods as well as the ability to improve current technologies and use them more efficiently.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum
Malcolm J. Gardner,Neil Hall,Eula Fung,Owen White,Matthew Berriman,Richard W. Hyman,Jane M. Carlton,Arnab Pain,Karen E. Nelson,Sharen Bowman,Ian T. Paulsen,Keith D. James,Jonathan A. Eisen,Kim Rutherford,Steven L. Salzberg,Alister Craig,Sue Kyes,Man Suen Chan,Vishvanath Nene,Shamira J. Shallom,Bernard B. Suh,Jeremy Peterson,Samuel V. Angiuoli,Mihaela Pertea,Jonathan E. Allen,Jeremy D. Selengut,Daniel H. Haft,Michael W. Mather,Akhil B. Vaidya,David M. A. Martin,Alan H. Fairlamb,Martin Fraunholz,David S. Roos,Stuart A. Ralph,Geoffrey I. McFadden,Leda M. Cummings,G. Mani Subramanian,Christopher J. Mungall,J. Craig Venter,Daniel J. Carucci,Stephen L. Hoffman,Chris I. Newbold,Ronald W. Davis,Claire M. Fraser,Bart Barrell +44 more
TL;DR: The genome sequence of P. falciparum clone 3D7 is reported, which is the most (A + T)-rich genome sequenced to date and is being exploited in the search for new drugs and vaccines to fight malaria.
Journal ArticleDOI
The economic and social burden of malaria
TL;DR: There are multiple channels by which malaria impedes development, including effects on fertility, population growth, saving and investment, worker productivity, absenteeism, premature mortality and medical costs.
Journal ArticleDOI
HDAC6 is a microtubule-associated deacetylase
Charlotte Hubbert,Amaris Guardiola,Rong Shao,Yoshiharu Kawaguchi,Akihiro Ito,Andrew B. Nixon,Minoru Yoshida,Xiao-Fan Wang,Tso-Pang Yao +8 more
TL;DR: The results show that HDAC6 is the tubulin deacetylase, and provide evidence that reversible acetylation regulates important biological processes beyond histone metabolism and gene transcription, including microtubule-dependent cell motility.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Genome Sequence of the Malaria Mosquito Anopheles gambiae
Robert A. Holt,G. Mani Subramanian,Aaron L. Halpern,Granger G. Sutton,Rosane Charlab,Deborah R. Nusskern,Patrick Wincker,Andrew G. Clark,José M. C. Ribeiro,Ron Wides,Steven L. Salzberg,Brendan J. Loftus,Mark Yandell,William H. Majoros,William H. Majoros,Douglas B. Rusch,Zhongwu Lai,Cheryl L. Kraft,Josep F. Abril,Véronique Anthouard,Peter Arensburger,Peter W. Atkinson,Holly Baden,Véronique de Berardinis,Danita Baldwin,Vladimir Benes,Jim Biedler,Claudia Blass,Randall Bolanos,Didier Boscus,Mary Barnstead,Shuang Cai,Kabir Chatuverdi,George K. Christophides,Mathew A. Chrystal,Michele Clamp,Anibal Cravchik,Val Curwen,Ali N Dana,Arthur L. Delcher,Ian M. Dew,Cheryl A. Evans,Michael Flanigan,Anne Grundschober-Freimoser,Lisa Friedli,Zhiping Gu,Ping Guan,Roderic Guigó,Maureen E. Hillenmeyer,Susanne L. Hladun,James R. Hogan,Young S. Hong,Jeffrey Hoover,Olivier Jaillon,Zhaoxi Ke,Zhaoxi Ke,Chinnappa D. Kodira,Kokoza Eb,Anastasios C. Koutsos,Ivica Letunic,Alex Levitsky,Yong Liang,Jhy-Jhu Lin,Jhy-Jhu Lin,Neil F. Lobo,John Lopez,Joel A. Malek,Tina C. McIntosh,Stephan Meister,Jason R. Miller,Clark M. Mobarry,Emmanuel Mongin,Sean D. Murphy,David A. O'Brochta,Cynthia Pfannkoch,Rong Qi,Megan A. Regier,Karin A. Remington,Hongguang Shao,Maria V. Sharakhova,Cynthia Sitter,Jyoti Shetty,Thomas J. Smith,Renee Strong,Jingtao Sun,Dana Thomasova,Lucas Q. Ton,Pantelis Topalis,Zhijian Tu,Maria F. Unger,Brian P. Walenz,Aihui Wang,Jian Wang,Mei Wang,X. Wang,Kerry J. Woodford,Jennifer R. Wortman,Jennifer R. Wortman,Martin Wu,Alison Yao,Evgeny M. Zdobnov,Hongyu Zhang,Qi Zhao,Shaying Zhao,Shiaoping C. Zhu,Igor F. Zhimulev,Mario Coluzzi,Alessandra della Torre,Charles Roth,Christos Louis,Francis Kalush,Richard J. Mural,Eugene W. Myers,Mark Raymond Adams,Hamilton O. Smith,Samuel Broder,Malcolm J. Gardner,Claire M. Fraser,Ewan Birney,Peer Bork,Paul T. Brey,J. Craig Venter,J. Craig Venter,Jean Weissenbach,Fotis C. Kafatos,Frank H. Collins,Stephen L. Hoffman +126 more
TL;DR: Analysis of the PEST strain of A. gambiae revealed strong evidence for about 14,000 protein-encoding transcripts, and prominent expansions in specific families of proteins likely involved in cell adhesion and immunity were noted.
Journal Article
Surveillance for asthma--United States, 1980-1999.
David M. Mannino,David M. Homa,Lara J. Akinbami,Jeanne E. Moorman,Charon Gwynn,Stephen C. Redd +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present national data regarding self-reported asthma prevalence, school and work days lost because of asthma, and asthma-associated activity limitations (1980-1996); asthmaassociated outpatient visits, asthmaassociated hospitalizations, asthma associated hospitalizations and asthmaassociated deaths.
References
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