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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

The essence of senescence

TLDR
The various features of cellular senescence are reviewed and their contribution to tumor suppression is discussed and the power and limitations of the biomarkers currently used to identify senescent cells in vitro and in vivo are highlighted.
Abstract
Almost half a century after the first reports describing the limited replicative potential of primary cells in culture, there is now overwhelming evidence for the existence of “cellular senescence” in vivo. It is being recognized as a critical feature of mammalian cells to suppress tumorigenesis, acting alongside cell death programs. Here, we review the various features of cellular senescence and discuss their contribution to tumor suppression. Additionally, we highlight the power and limitations of the biomarkers currently used to identify senescent cells in vitro and in vivo.

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Journal ArticleDOI

The Hallmarks of Aging

TL;DR: Nine tentative hallmarks that represent common denominators of aging in different organisms are enumerated, with special emphasis on mammalian aging, to identify pharmaceutical targets to improve human health during aging, with minimal side effects.
Journal ArticleDOI

Clearance of p16 Ink4a -positive senescent cells delays ageing-associated disorders

TL;DR: Data indicate that cellular senescence is causally implicated in generating age-related phenotypes and that removal of senescent cells can prevent or delay tissue dysfunction and extend healthspan.
Journal Article

Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotypes Reveal Cell-Nonautonomous Functions of Oncogenic RAS and the p53 Tumor Suppressor

TL;DR: Coppe et al. as mentioned in this paper showed that human cells induced to senesce by genotoxic stress secrete myriad factors associated with inflammation and malignancy, including interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8.
Journal ArticleDOI

Cellular senescence: from physiology to pathology.

TL;DR: In cancer and during active tissue repair, pro-senescent therapies contribute to minimize the damage by limiting proliferation and fibrosis, respectively, and antisenescent therapies may help to eliminate accumulated senescent cells and to recover tissue function.
Journal ArticleDOI

The role of senescent cells in ageing

TL;DR: A deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the multi-step progression of senescence and the development and function of acute versus chronic senescent cells may lead to new therapeutic strategies for age-related pathologies and extend healthy lifespan.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

The serial cultivation of human diploid cell strains.

TL;DR: A consideration of the cause of the eventual degeneration of these strains leads to the hypothesis that non-cumulative external factors are excluded and that the phenomenon is attributable to intrinsic factors which are expressed as senescence at the cellular level.
Journal ArticleDOI

A biomarker that identifies senescent human cells in culture and in aging skin in vivo

TL;DR: It is shown that several human cells express a beta-galactosidase, histochemically detectable at pH 6, upon senescence in culture, which provides in situ evidence that senescent cells may exist and accumulate with age in vivo.
Journal ArticleDOI

Autophagy in the Pathogenesis of Disease

TL;DR: This Review summarizes recent advances in understanding the physiological functions of autophagy and its possible roles in the causation and prevention of human diseases.
Journal ArticleDOI

The limited in vitro lifetime of human diploid cell strains

TL;DR: The survival curves obtained with human diploid cell strains are comparable to “multiple-hit” or “ multiple-target” curves obtain with other biological systems where an initial threshold dose is required before an exponential form of the curve is established.
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