The Genetics of Mammalian Circadian Order and Disorder: Implications for Physiology and Disease
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Together, these studies set the scene for applying the knowledge of circadian biology to the understanding and treatment of a range of human diseases, including cancer and metabolic and behavioural disorders.Abstract:
Circadian cycles affect a variety of physiological processes, and disruptions of normal circadian biology therefore have the potential to influence a range of disease-related pathways. The genetic basis of circadian rhythms is well studied in model organisms and, more recently, studies of the genetic basis of circadian disorders has confirmed the conservation of key players in circadian biology from invertebrates to humans. In addition, important advances have been made in understanding how these molecules influence physiological functions in tissues throughout the body. Together, these studies set the scene for applying our knowledge of circadian biology to the understanding and treatment of a range of human diseases, including cancer and metabolic and behavioural disorders.read more
Citations
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Day and night shift schedules are associated with lower sleep quality in Evening-types.
Jeanne Sophie Martin,Luc Laberge,Alexandre Sasseville,Marilie Bérubé,Samuel Alain,Jérôme Houle,Marc Hébert +6 more
TL;DR: Comparing objective sleep, light exposure and activity levels between chronotypes, both during the night and day shifts revealed poorer sleep quality in E-types for both the day and night shifts, challenging the notion that E- types adapt better to night shifts.
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Photoperiodic Programming of the SCN and Its Role in Photoperiodic Output.
TL;DR: An overview of research on the suprachiasmatic nuclei as a coordinator of photoperiodic responses, the intercellular coupling changes that accompany that coordination, as well as the SCN's role in a putative brain network controlling photoperperiodic input and output is provided.
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Mealtime ‐ a circadian disruptor and determinant of energy balance?
TL;DR: Current evidence of the impacts of mealtime on energy metabolism and the underlying neuroendocrine mechanisms, with a specific focus on human research, is provided.
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Post-transcriptional controls - adding a new layer of regulation to clock gene expression.
TL;DR: It is concluded that both constitutive and cyclic post-transcriptional controls underpin clock function, as in the circadian clock and the vertebrate somite segmentation clock.
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Circadian alterations in patients with neurodegenerative diseases: Neuropathological basis of underlying network mechanisms.
Karim Fifel,Aleksandar Videnovic +1 more
TL;DR: A deeper understanding of these mechanisms will provide not only a better understanding of disease neuro-pathophysiology, but also hold the promise for developing effective and mechanisms-based therapies.
References
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Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Circadian Clock Mutant Mice
Fred W. Turek,Corinne E. Joshu,Corinne E. Joshu,Akira Kohsaka,Akira Kohsaka,Emily Lin,Emily Lin,Ganka Ivanova,Ganka Ivanova,Erin L. McDearmon,Erin L. McDearmon,Aaron D. Laposky,Sue Losee-Olson,Amy Easton,Dalan R. Jensen,Robert H. Eckel,Joseph S. Takahashi,Joseph S. Takahashi,Joseph Bass,Joseph Bass +19 more
TL;DR: Estimation of transcripts encoding selected hypothalamic peptides associated with energy balance was attenuated in the Clock mutant mice, suggesting that the circadian clock gene network plays an important role in mammalian energy balance.
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TL;DR: Genetic and genomic analysis suggests that a relatively small number of output genes are directly regulated by core oscillator components, and major processes regulated by the SCN and liver were found to be under circadian regulation.
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