The impacts of climate change on ecosystem structure and function
Nancy B. Grimm,F. Stuart Chapin,Britta G. Bierwagen,Patrick Gonzalez,Peter M. Groffman,Yiqi Luo,Forrest Melton,Knute J. Nadelhoffer,Amber Pairis,Peter A. Raymond,Josh Schimel,Craig E. Williamson +11 more
TLDR
In this paper, the impacts of climate change on US ecosystems were identified and the authors provided greater mechanistic understanding and geographic specificity for those impacts, including those that affect productivity of ecosystems or their ability to process chemical elements, while combined impacts of wildfire and insect outbreaks decrease forest productivity.Abstract:
Recent climate-change research largely confirms the impacts on US ecosystems identified in the 2009 National Climate Assessment and provides greater mechanistic understanding and geographic specificity for those impacts Pervasive climate-change impacts on ecosystems are those that affect productivity of ecosystems or their ability to process chemical elements Loss of sea ice, rapid warming, and higher organic inputs affect marine and lake productivity, while combined impacts of wildfire and insect outbreaks decrease forest productivity, mostly in the arid and semi-arid West Forests in wetter regions are more productive owing to warming Shifts in species ranges are so extensive that by 2100 they may alter biome composition across 5–20% of US land area Accelerated losses of nutrients from terrestrial ecosystems to receiving waters are caused by both winter warming and intensification of the hydrologic cycle Ecosystem feedbacks, especially those associated with release of carbon dioxide and methane relread more
Citations
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Drought-Induced Reduction in Global Terrestrial Net Primary Production from 2000 Through 2009
Maosheng Zhao,Steven W. Running +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors suggest a reduction in the global NPP of 0.55 petagrams of carbon, which would not only weaken the terrestrial carbon sink, but would also intensify future competition between food demand and biofuel production.
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Interval squeeze: altered fire regimes and demographic responses interact to threaten woody species persistence as climate changes
Neal J. Enright,Joseph B. Fontaine,David M. J. S. Bowman,Ross A. Bradstock,Richard J. Williams +4 more
TL;DR: This model predicts that interval squeeze will increase woody plant extinction risk and change ecosystem structure, composition, and carbon storage, especially in regions projected to become both warmer and drier.
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The metabolic regimes of flowing waters
Emily S. Bernhardt,James B. Heffernan,Nancy B. Grimm,Emily H. Stanley,Judson W. Harvey,Maite Arroita,Alison P. Appling,Matthew J. Cohen,William H. McDowell,Robert O. Hall,Jordan S. Read,Brian J. Roberts,Edward G. Stets,Charles B. Yackulic +13 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors synthesize their current understanding of the drivers and constraints on river metabolism, and set out a research agenda aimed at characterizing, classifying and modeling the current and future metabolic regimes of flowing waters.
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Preparing for and managing change: climate adaptation for biodiversity and ecosystems
Bruce A. Stein,Amanda Staudt,Molly S. Cross,Natalie S. Dubois,Carolyn A. F. Enquist,Roger Griffis,Lara J. Hansen,Jessica J. Hellmann,Joshua J. Lawler,Erik J. Nelson,Amber Pairis +10 more
TL;DR: The emerging field of climate-change adaptation has experienced a dramatic increase in attention as the impacts of climate change on biodiversity and ecosystems have become more evident as mentioned in this paper. Preparing for and addressing these changes are now prominent themes in conservation and natural resource policy and practice.
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Global change-driven effects on dissolved organic matter composition : Implications for food webs of northern lakes
Irena F. Creed,Ann-Kristin Bergström,Charles G. Trick,Nancy B. Grimm,Dag O. Hessen,Jan Karlsson,Karen A. Kidd,Emma S. Kritzberg,Diane M. McKnight,Erika C. Freeman,Oscar E. Senar,Agneta Andersson,Jenny Ask,Martin Berggren,Mehdi Cherif,Reiner Giesler,Erin R. Hotchkiss,Pirkko Kortelainen,Monica M. Palta,Tobias Vrede,Gesa A. Weyhenmeyer +20 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that global change in northern regions leads not only to reduced primary productivity but also to nutritionally poorer lake food webs, with discernible consequences for the trophic web to fish and humans.
References
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Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
TL;DR: Drafting Authors: Neil Adger, Pramod Aggarwal, Shardul Agrawala, Joseph Alcamo, Abdelkader Allali, Oleg Anisimov, Nigel Arnell, Michel Boko, Osvaldo Canziani, Timothy Carter, Gino Casassa, Ulisses Confalonieri, Rex Victor Cruz, Edmundo de Alba Alcaraz, William Easterling, Christopher Field, Andreas Fischlin, Blair Fitzharris.
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Catastrophic shifts in ecosystems.
TL;DR: Recent studies show that a loss of resilience usually paves the way for a switch to an alternative state, which suggests that strategies for sustainable management of such ecosystems should focus on maintaining resilience.
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Blooms like it hot
Hans W. Paerl,Jef Huisman +1 more
TL;DR: A link exists between global warming and the worldwide proliferation of harmful cyanobacterial blooms as discussed by the authors, and it has been shown that global warming can be linked with the proliferation of these blooms.
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Climate Change Impacts on Marine Ecosystems
Scott C. Doney,Mary Ruckelshaus,J. Emmett Duffy,James P. Barry,Francis Chan,Chad A. English,Heather M. Galindo,Jacqueline M. Grebmeier,Anne B. Hollowed,Nancy Knowlton,Jeffrey J. Polovina,Nancy N. Rabalais,William J. Sydeman,Lynne D. Talley +13 more
TL;DR: In marine ecosystems, rising atmospheric CO2 and climate change are associated with concurrent shifts in temperature, circulation, stratification, nutrient input, oxygen content, and ocean acidification, with potentially wide-ranging biological effects.
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Soil organic carbon pools in the northern circumpolar permafrost region
Charles Tarnocai,Josep G. Canadell,Edward A. G. Schuur,Peter Kuhry,Galina Mazhitova,Sergei Zimov +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported a new estimate of the carbon pools in soils of the northern permafrost region, including deeper layers and pools not accounted for in previous analyses.
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