The scanning model for translation: an update.
TLDR
The small (40S) subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes is believed to bind initially at the capped 5'-end of messenger RNA and then migrate, stopping at the first AUG codon in a favorable context for initiating translation.Abstract:
The small (40S) subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes is believed to bind initially at the capped 5'-end of messenger RNA and then migrate, stopping at the first AUG codon in a favorable context for initiating translation. The first-AUG rule is not absolute, but there are rules for breaking the rule. Some anomalous observations that seemed to contradict the scanning mechanism now appear to be artifacts. A few genuine anomalies remain unexplained.read more
Citations
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The green fluorescent protein
TL;DR: In just three years, the green fluorescent protein from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria has vaulted from obscurity to become one of the most widely studied and exploited proteins in biochemistry and cell biology.
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Fluorescent indicators for Ca2+based on green fluorescent proteins and calmodulin
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TL;DR: New fluorescent indicators for Ca2+ that are genetically encoded without cofactors and are targetable to specific intracellular locations are constructed and dubbed ‘cameleons’.
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A novel heterodimeric cysteine protease is required for interleukin-1 beta processing in monocytes.
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Occludin: a novel integral membrane protein localizing at tight junctions.
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References
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An analysis of 5'-noncoding sequences from 699 vertebrate messenger RNAs
TL;DR: 5'-Noncoding sequences have been compiled from 699 vertebrate mRNAs and GCCA/GCCATGG emerges as the consensus sequence for initiation of translation in vertebrates.
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Point mutations define a sequence flanking the AUG initiator codon that modulates translation by eukaryotic ribosomes.
TL;DR: By analyzing the effects of single base substitutions around the ATG initiator codon in a cloned preproinsulin gene, ACCATGG is identified as the optimal sequence for initiation by eukaryotic ribosomes.
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Compilation and analysis of sequences upstream from the translational start site in eukaryotic mRNAs
TL;DR: The sequence CCAGCCAUG (G) thus emerges as a consensus sequence for eukaryotic initiation sites, and the extent to which the ribosome binding site in a given mRNA matches the -1 to -5 consensus sequence varies.
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Site-directed mutagenesis by gene targeting in mouse embryo-derived stem cells.
Kirk R. Thomas,Mario R. Capecchi +1 more
TL;DR: This work mutated, by gene targeting, the endogenous hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) gene in mouse embryo-derived stem (ES) cells and compared the gene-targeting efficiencies of two classes of neor-Hprt recombinant vectors.
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Internal initiation of translation of eukaryotic mRNA directed by a sequence derived from poliovirus RNA
Jerry Pelletier,Nahum Sonenberg +1 more
TL;DR: A novel mechanism of initiation on poliovirus RNA occurs by binding of ribosomes to an internal sequence within the 5′ noncoding region, which may explain the disparate translation of several other eukaryotic messenger RNAs.