Journal ArticleDOI
The Toll-receptor family and control of innate immunity.
Elizabeth Kopp,Ruslan Medzhitov +1 more
TLDR
Toll receptors and the associated signaling pathways of nuclear factor kappaB may represent the most ancient host defense system found in mammals, insects and plants.About:
This article is published in Current Opinion in Immunology.The article was published on 1999-02-01. It has received 685 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Pattern recognition receptor & Immune receptor.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Innate Immune Recognition
TL;DR: Microbial recognition by Toll-like receptors helps to direct adaptive immune responses to antigens derived from microbial pathogens to distinguish infectious nonself from noninfectious self.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-kappaB by Toll-like receptor 3.
TL;DR: It is shown that mammalian TLR3 recognizes dsRNA, and that activation of the receptor induces the activation of NF-κB and the production of type I interferons (IFNs).
Journal ArticleDOI
Phosphorylation meets ubiquitination: the control of NF-[kappa]B activity.
Michael Karin,Yinon Ben-Neriah +1 more
TL;DR: Recent progress has been made in understanding the details of the signaling pathways that regulate NF-kappaB activity, particularly those responding to the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1.
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Differential roles of TLR2 and TLR4 in recognition of gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial cell wall components.
Osamu Takeuchi,Katsuaki Hoshino,Taro Kawai,Hideki Sanjo,Haruhiko Takada,Tomohiko Ogawa,Kiyoshi Takeda,Shizuo Akira +7 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that TLR2 and TLR4 recognize different bacterial cell wall components in vivo andTLR2 plays a major role in Gram-positive bacterial recognition.
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Missing Pieces in the NF-κB Puzzle
Sankar Ghosh,Michael Karin +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of recent progress as well as unanswered questions regarding the regulation and function of NF-kappaB and IKK is presented, focusing on recent progress and unanswered questions.
References
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A human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity
TL;DR: The cloning and characterization of a human homologue of the Drosophila toll protein (Toll) is reported, which has been shown to induce the innate immune response in adult Dosophila.
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The Dorsoventral Regulatory Gene Cassette spätzle/Toll/cactus Controls the Potent Antifungal Response in Drosophila Adults
TL;DR: It is shown that mutations in the Toll signaling pathway dramatically reduce survival after fungal infection and the intracellular components of the dorsoventral signaling pathway and the extracellular Toll ligand, spätzle, control expression of the antifungal peptide gene drosomycin in adults.
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Innate Immunity: The Virtues of a Nonclonal System of Recognition
TL;DR: Characterization of the nonclonal receptors of the innate immune system responsible for the adjuvant activity, and, evidently, for the associated side effects, would provide a powerful alternative approach, which would ultimately allow one to target these receptors directly.
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A cytokine-responsive IκB kinase that activates the transcription factor NF-κB
TL;DR: IKK turns out to be the long-sought-after protein kinase that mediates the critical regulatory step in NF-κB activation, and phosphorylates IκBs on the sites that trigger their degradation.