Toll-like receptor signaling pathways.
Takumi Kawasaki,Taro Kawai +1 more
TLDR
Recent progress is described in the understanding of TLR signaling regulation and its contributions to host defense.Abstract:
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play crucial roles in the innate immune system by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns derived from various microbes. TLRs signal through the recruitment of specific adaptor molecules, leading to activation of the transcription factors NF-κB and IRFs, which dictate the outcome of innate immune responses. During the past decade, the precise mechanisms underlying TLR signaling have been clarified by various approaches involving genetic, biochemical, structural, cell biological and bioinformatics studies. TLR signaling appears to be divergent and to play important roles in many aspects of the innate immune responses to given pathogens. In this review, we describe recent progress in our understanding of TLR signaling regulation and its contributions to host defense.read more
Citations
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DAMP-sensing receptors in sterile inflammation and inflammatory diseases
TL;DR: An overview of DAMP-sensing receptors is provided, the crosstalk between these receptors is discussed, and the cross-regulation of these receptors and their ligands are discussed.
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Fetuin-A acts as an endogenous ligand of TLR4 to promote lipid-induced insulin resistance
Durba Pal,Suman Dasgupta,Suman Dasgupta,Rakesh Kundu,Sudipta Maitra,Gobardhan Das,Satinath Mukhopadhyay,Sukanta Ray,Subeer S. Majumdar,Samir Bhattacharya,Samir Bhattacharya +10 more
TL;DR: It is shown that fetuin-A (FetA) could be this endogenous ligand for TLR4 and that it has a crucial role in regulating insulin sensitivity via Tlr4 signaling in mice, and may position FetA as a new therapeutic target for managing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Kinase inhibitors: the road ahead
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The Influence of Probiotics on the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio in the Treatment of Obesity and Inflammatory Bowel disease
TL;DR: The effects of probiotics on the F/B ratio that lead to weight loss or immunosuppression are reviewed, with a focus on probiotics from the genus Lactobacillus.
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Inflammation and its role in age-related macular degeneration
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TL;DR: New insights into innate immunity are changing the way the way the authors think about pathogenesis and the treatment of infectious diseases, allergy, and autoimmunity.
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Innate Immune Recognition
TL;DR: Microbial recognition by Toll-like receptors helps to direct adaptive immune responses to antigens derived from microbial pathogens to distinguish infectious nonself from noninfectious self.
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The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: update on Toll-like receptors
Taro Kawai,Shizuo Akira +1 more
TL;DR: Recent advances that have been made by research into the role of TLR biology in host defense and disease are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Toll-like Receptors and Their Crosstalk with Other Innate Receptors in Infection and Immunity
Taro Kawai,Shizuo Akira +1 more
TL;DR: The role played by TLRs in mounting protective immune responses against infection and their crosstalk with other PRRs with respect to pathogen recognition is focused on.
Journal ArticleDOI
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