Journal ArticleDOI
Unprecedented Arctic ozone loss in 2011
Gloria L. Manney,Gloria L. Manney,Michelle L. Santee,Markus Rex,Nathaniel J. Livesey,Michael C. Pitts,Pepijn Veefkind,Pepijn Veefkind,Eric R. Nash,Ingo Wohltmann,Ralph Lehmann,Lucien Froidevaux,Lamont R. Poole,Mark R. Schoeberl,David Haffner,Jonathan Davies,Valery Dorokhov,Hartwig Gernandt,Bryan J. Johnson,Rigel Kivi,Esko Kyrö,Niels Larsen,Pieternel F. Levelt,Pieternel F. Levelt,Pieternel F. Levelt,Alexander Makshtas,C. Thomas McElroy,Hideaki Nakajima,M. C. Parrondo,David W. Tarasick,Peter von der Gathen,Kaley A. Walker,Nikita S. Zinoviev +32 more
TLDR
It is demonstrated that chemical ozone destruction over the Arctic in early 2011 was—for the first time in the observational record—comparable to that in the Antarctic ozone hole.Abstract:
Chemical ozone destruction occurs over both polar regions in local winter–spring. In the Antarctic, essentially complete removal of lower-stratospheric ozone currently results in an ozone hole every year, whereas in the Arctic, ozone loss is highly variable and has until now been much more limited. Here we demonstrate that chemical ozone destruction over the Arctic in early 2011 was—for the first time in the observational record—comparable to that in the Antarctic ozone hole. Unusually long-lasting cold conditions in the Arctic lower stratosphere led to persistent enhancement in ozone-destroying forms of chlorine and to unprecedented ozone loss, which exceeded 80 per cent over 18–20 kilometres altitude. Our results show that Arctic ozone holes are possible even with temperatures much milder than those in the Antarctic. We cannot at present predict when such severe Arctic ozone depletion may be matched or exceeded. Since its emergence in the 1980s, the Antarctic ozone hole, the near-complete loss of lower-stratospheric ozone, has occurred every year. The possibility that a similar effect might occur in the Northern Hemisphere has been debated, but despite considerable variation in ozone levels in the Arctic, they had not reached the extremes seen in the south. Until this year. Observations made in the late winter and early spring of 2011 reveal ozone loss far outside the range previously observed over the Northern Hemisphere, comparable to some Antarctic ozone holes. The formation of the hole was driven by an unusually long cold snap and a high level of ozone-destroying chlorine. Although this effect is dramatic, it is difficult to predict whether similar Arctic ozone holes will develop in future.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Ozone depletion and climate change: impacts on UV radiation
Richard McKenzie,Pieter J. Aucamp,Alkiviades F. Bais,Lars Olof Björn,Lars Olof Björn,Mohamad Ilyas,Sasha Madronich +6 more
TL;DR: The Montreal Protocol is working, but it will take several decades for ozone to return to 1980 levels, and the phase-out of CFCs is currently tending to counteract the increases in surface temperature due to increased GHGs.
Journal ArticleDOI
The MACC reanalysis: an 8 yr data set of atmospheric composition
Antje Inness,Frank Baier,Angela Benedetti,Idir Bouarar,Simon Chabrillat,Hannah Clark,Hannah Clark,Cathy Clerbaux,Pierre-François Coheur,Richard Engelen,Quentin Errera,Johannes Flemming,Michael George,Claire Granier,Claire Granier,Claire Granier,Juliette Hadji-Lazaro,Vincent Huijnen,Daniel Hurtmans,L. Jones,Johannes W. Kaiser,Johannes W. Kaiser,Johannes W. Kaiser,J. Kapsomenakis,Karolien Lefever,J. Leitao,M. Razinger,Andreas Richter,Martin G. Schultz,Adrian Simmons,Martin Suttie,Olaf Stein,Jean-Noël Thépaut,Valérie Thouret,Valérie Thouret,Mihalis Vrekoussis,Mihalis Vrekoussis,Christos Zerefos +37 more
TL;DR: In this paper, an eight-year long reanalysis of atmospheric composition data covering the period 2003-2010 was constructed as part of the FP7-funded Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate project by assimilating satellite data into a global model and data assimilation system.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Atmospheric Response to Three Decades of Observed Arctic Sea Ice Loss
TL;DR: In this article, the atmospheric changes that may have occurred in response to Arctic sea ice loss were analyzed using the atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) experiments in which the only time-varying forcings prescribed were observed variations in Arctic Sea ice and accompanying changes in Arctic sea surface temperatures from 1979 to 2009.
Research Article 海色リモートセンシング
TL;DR: It is inferred that physical barriers and historical processes played a dominant role in structuring the genetic dispersal of the species and the Grik, Tanjung Rambutan and Sungkai are potential candidates for conservation and aquaculture programmes since they contained most of the total diversity.
References
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MERRA: NASA’s Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications
Michele M. Rienecker,Max J. Suarez,Ronald Gelaro,Ricardo Todling,Julio T. Bacmeister,Julio T. Bacmeister,Emily Liu,Emily Liu,Michael G. Bosilovich,Siegfried D. Schubert,Lawrence L. Takacs,Lawrence L. Takacs,Gi-Kong Kim,S. C. Bloom,S. C. Bloom,Junye Chen,Junye Chen,Douglas Collins,Douglas Collins,Austin Conaty,Austin Conaty,Arlindo da Silva,Wei Gu,Wei Gu,Joanna Joiner,Randal D. Koster,Robert A. Lucchesi,Robert A. Lucchesi,Andrea Molod,Andrea Molod,Tommy Owens,Tommy Owens,Steven Pawson,Philip Pegion,Philip Pegion,Christopher R. Redder,Christopher R. Redder,Rolf H. Reichle,Franklin R. Robertson,Albert G. Ruddick,Albert G. Ruddick,Meta Sienkiewicz,Meta Sienkiewicz,John S. Woollen +43 more
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
The ozone monitoring instrument
Pieternel F. Levelt,G. H. J. van den Oord,Marcel Dobber,A. Malkki,Hubregt J. Visser,Johan de Vries,Piet Stammes,J.O.V. Lundell,Heikki Saari +8 more
TL;DR: The Ozone Monitoring Instrument is a ultraviolet/visible nadir solar backscatter spectrometer, which provides nearly global coverage in one day with a spatial resolution of 13 km/spl times/24 km and will enable detection of air pollution on urban scale resolution.
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