Urban and rural aerosol characterization of summer smog events during the PIPAPO field campaign in Milan, Italy
Urs Baltensperger,N. Streit,Ernest Weingartner,S. Nyeki,André S. H. Prévôt,R. Van Dingenen,Aki Virkkula,J. P. Putaud,A. Even,H.M. ten Brink,A. Blatter,Albrecht Neftel,Heinz W. Gäggeler,Heinz W. Gäggeler +13 more
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TLDR
A comprehensive range of aerosol parameters was measured at an urban and a rural site in the Milan, Italy metropolitan region during summer smog events in summer 1998 as mentioned in this paper, and small particles (d < 40 nm) are thought to consist mainly of hydrophobic particulate organic matter, rather than soot or H2SO4 aerosols.Abstract:
[1] A comprehensive range of aerosol parameters was measured at an urban and a rural site in the Milan, Italy metropolitan region during summer smog events in summer 1998. Measurements were performed as part of the Pianura Padana Produzione di Ozono (PIPAPO) field campaign to determine the sensitivity of O3 production to NOX and volatile organic carbon concentrations at several ground stations. Primary aerosol parameters (i.e., direct emissions) such as aerosol black carbon showed a distinct diurnal variation with maxima at about 0000 and 0800 central European summer time (CEST), in contrast to secondary aerosol parameters such as sulfate and nitrate. Aerosol number size distributions were measured under ambient conditions as well as after conditioning with volatility and hygroscopicity systems. A mode at d = 20–30 nm in the number concentration was found at 0800 CEST and exhibited high volatility at 110°C (∼80% volume lost upon heating) but no hygroscopic behavior. Based on these measurements, small particles (d < 40 nm) are thought to consist mainly of hydrophobic particulate organic matter, rather than soot or H2SO4 aerosols. Two distinct hygroscopic modes with average growth factors d/d0 ∼ 1.02 and 1.21–1.28 were found for particles with dry (relative humidity of <30%) diameters d0 = 50–200 nm. Submicrometer aerosols exhibited lower volatility at the rural than at the urban site, which is attributed to additional particulate mass produced by secondary particle formation.read more
Citations
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Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review
Maria Kanakidou,John H. Seinfeld,Spyros N. Pandis,Ian Barnes,Frank Dentener,Maria Cristina Facchini,R. Van Dingenen,Barbara Ervens,Athanasios Nenes,Claus J. Nielsen,Erik Swietlicki,J. P. Putaud,Yves Balkanski,Sandro Fuzzi,J. Horth,Geert K. Moortgat,R. Winterhalter,Cathrine Lund Myhre,Kostas Tsigaridis,Elisabetta Vignati,Euripides G. Stephanou,J. Wilson +21 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed existing knowledge with regard to organic aerosol (OA) of importance for global climate modelling and defined critical gaps needed to reduce the involved uncertainties, and synthesized the information to provide a continuous analysis of the flow from the emitted material to the atmosphere up to the point of the climate impact of the produced organic aerosols.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aerosol cloud precipitation interactions. Part 1. The nature and sources of cloud-active aerosols
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the role of chemical composition and particle size in cloud condensation nucleation processes, and the role that the chemical composition plays in the process of cloud droplet and ice nucleation.
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A European aerosol phenomenology—1: physical characteristics of particulate matter at kerbside, urban, rural and background sites in Europe
Rita Van Dingenen,Frank Raes,Jean-P Putaud,Urs Baltensperger,Aurélie Charron,M.Cristina Facchini,Stefano Decesari,Sandro Fuzzi,Robert Gehrig,Hans-C Hansson,Roy M. Harrison,Cristoph Hüglin,Alan M. Jones,Paolo Laj,Gundi Lorbeer,Willy Maenhaut,Finn Palmgren,Xavier Querol,Sergio Rodríguez,Jürgen Schneider,Harry ten Brink,Peter Tunved,Kjetil Tørseth,Birgit Wehner,Ernest Weingartner,Alfred Wiedensohler,Peter Wåhlin +26 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors synthesize data on aerosol physical characteristics, which were obtained in European aerosol research activities at free-troposphere, natural, rural, near-city, urban, and kerbside sites over the past decade.
Journal ArticleDOI
Atmospheric composition change – global and regional air quality
Paul S. Monks,Claire Granier,Claire Granier,Claire Granier,Sandro Fuzzi,Andreas Stohl,Martin L. Williams,Hajime Akimoto,Markus Amann,Alexander Baklanov,Urs Baltensperger,Isabelle Bey,Nicola J. Blake,Robert S. Blake,Kenneth S. Carslaw,Owen R. Cooper,Owen R. Cooper,F. J. Dentener,David Fowler,E. Fragkou,Gregory J. Frost,Gregory J. Frost,S. Generoso,Paul Ginoux,Volker Grewe,Alex Guenther,Hans-Christen Hansson,Stephan Henne,Jens Hjorth,Andreas Hofzumahaus,Heidi Huntrieser,Ivar S. A. Isaksen,Michael E. Jenkin,Jan Kaiser,Maria Kanakidou,Zbigniew Klimont,Markku Kulmala,Paolo Laj,Paolo Laj,Mark Lawrence,James D. Lee,Catherine Liousse,Michela Maione,Gordon McFiggans,A. Metzger,Aude Mieville,Nicolas Moussiopoulos,John J. Orlando,Colin D. O'Dowd,Paul I. Palmer,D. D. Parrish,Andreas Petzold,Ulrich Platt,Ulrich Pöschl,André S. H. Prévôt,Claire E. Reeves,Stefan Reimann,Yinon Rudich,Karine Sellegri,Rainer Steinbrecher,David Simpson,David Simpson,H.M. ten Brink,J. Theloke,G. R. van der Werf,Robert Vautard,Vigdis Vestreng,Ch. Vlachokostas,R. von Glasow +68 more
TL;DR: A review of the state of scientific understanding in relation to global and regional air quality is outlined in this article, in terms of emissions, processing and transport of trace gases and aerosols.
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The effect of physical and chemical aerosol properties on warm cloud droplet activation
Gordon McFiggans,Paulo Artaxo,Urs Baltensperger,Hugh Coe,Maria Cristina Facchini,Graham Feingold,Sandro Fuzzi,Martin Gysel,Martin Gysel,Ari Laaksonen,Ulrike Lohmann,Thomas F. Mentel,Daniel M. Murphy,Colin D. O'Dowd,Jefferson R. Snider,Ernest Weingartner +15 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the effects that the composition and properties of atmospheric aerosol can have on the activation of droplets in warm clouds, so potentially influencing the magnitude of the indirect effect.
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