Variations in behavior and condition of a Southern Ocean top predator in relation to in situ oceanographic conditions.
Martin Biuw,Lars Boehme,Christophe Guinet,Mark A. Hindell,Daniel P. Costa,Jean-Benoît Charrassin,Fabien Roquet,Frédéric Bailleul,Michael P. Meredith,Sally E. Thorpe,Yann Tremblay,Birgitte I. McDonald,Young-Hyang Park,Stephen R. Rintoul,Nathaniel L. Bindoff,Michael E. Goebel,Daniel E. Crocker,PG Lovell,J. Nicholson,F. Monks,Michael A. Fedak +20 more
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Improved body condition of seals in the Atlantic sector was associated with Circumpolar Deep Water upwelling regions within the Antarcticcircumpolar Current, whereas High-Salinity Shelf Waters or temperature/salinity gradients under winter pack ice were important in the Indian and Pacific sectors.Abstract:
Responses by marine top predators to environmental variability have previously been almost impossible to observe directly. By using animal-mounted instruments simultaneously recording movements, diving behavior, and in situ oceanographic properties, we studied the behavioral and physiological responses of southern elephant seals to spatial environmental variability throughout their circumpolar range. Improved body condition of seals in the Atlantic sector was associated with Circumpolar Deep Water upwelling regions within the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, whereas High-Salinity Shelf Waters or temperature/salinity gradients under winter pack ice were important in the Indian and Pacific sectors. Energetic consequences of these variations could help explain recently observed population trends, showing the usefulness of this approach in examining the sensitivity of top predators to global and regional-scale climate variability.read more
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State-space models of individual animal movement.
Toby A. Patterson,Toby A. Patterson,Len Thomas,Chris Wilcox,Otso Ovaskainen,Jason Matthiopoulos +5 more
TL;DR: The statistical robustness and predictive ability of state-space models make them the most promising avenue towards a new type of movement ecology that fuses insights from the study of animal behaviour, biogeography and spatial population dynamics.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antarctic climate change and the environment
Peter Convey,Robert Bindschadler,G. di Prisco,Eberhard Fahrbach,Julian Gutt,Dominic A. Hodgson,Paul Andrew Mayewski,Colin Summerhayes,John Turner +8 more
TL;DR: The Southern Hemisphere climate system varies on timescales from orbital, through millennial to sub-annual, and is closely coupled to other parts of the global climate system as discussed by the authors.
Book ChapterDOI
Using Isoscapes to Trace the Movements and Foraging Behavior of Top Predators in Oceanic Ecosystems
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrated that by comparing the isotope values of an animal and its local prey or environment, the animal's movements can be estimated, given that isotopic variation exists between habitats.
Journal ArticleDOI
The importance of oceanographic fronts to marine birds and mammals of the southern oceans
Charles-André Bost,Cédric Cotté,Frédéric Bailleul,Yves Cherel,Jean-Benoît Charrassin,Christophe Guinet,David G Ainley,Henri Weimerskirch +7 more
TL;DR: This review examines the relative importance to apex predators of the different frontal zones in terms of spatial distribution and carbon flux; 2) the processes that determine their preferential use; and 3) how the mesoscale dynamics of frontal structures drive at-sea foraging strategies of these predators.
Journal ArticleDOI
Key Questions in Marine Megafauna Movement Ecology
Graeme C. Hays,Luciana C. Ferreira,Luciana C. Ferreira,Ana M. M. Sequeira,Mark G. Meekan,Carlos M. Duarte,Helen Bailey,Fred Bailleul,W. Don Bowen,M. Julian Caley,M. Julian Caley,Daniel P. Costa,Víctor M. Eguíluz,Sabrina Fossette,Ari S. Friedlaender,Nick Gales,Adrian C. Gleiss,John Gunn,Robert Harcourt,Elliott L. Hazen,Michael R. Heithaus,Michelle R. Heupel,Michelle R. Heupel,Kim N. Holland,Markus Horning,Ian D. Jonsen,Gerald L. Kooyman,Christopher G. Lowe,Peter T. Madsen,Peter T. Madsen,Helene Marsh,Richard A. Phillips,David Righton,Yan Ropert-Coudert,Katsufumi Sato,Scott A. Shaffer,Colin A. Simpfendorfer,David W. Sims,David W. Sims,David W. Sims,Gregory B. Skomal,Akinori Takahashi,Philip N. Trathan,Martin Wikelski,Martin Wikelski,Jamie N. Womble,Michele Thums +46 more
TL;DR: This exercise assembled 40 experts to identify key questions in this field, focussing on marine megafauna, which include a broad range of birds, mammals, reptiles, and fish, and shows that the questions have broad applicability to other taxa, including terrestrial animals, flying insects, and swimming invertebrates.
References
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Model-Based Clustering, Discriminant Analysis, and Density Estimation
Chris Fraley,Adrian E. Raftery +1 more
TL;DR: This work reviews a general methodology for model-based clustering that provides a principled statistical approach to important practical questions that arise in cluster analysis, such as how many clusters are there, which clustering method should be used, and how should outliers be handled.
Journal ArticleDOI
On the meridional extent and fronts of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current
TL;DR: In this article, large-scale features of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) were described using all historical hydrographic data available from the Southern Ocean, and the geopotential anomaly of the sea surface relative to 1000 db reveals the highly-sheared eastward flow of the ACC and the strong steering of the current by the ridge system around Antarctica.
Journal ArticleDOI
Midlatitude westerlies, atmospheric CO2, and climate change during the ice ages
TL;DR: In this article, an idealized general circulation model is constructed of the ocean's deep circulation and CO2 system that explains some of the more puzzling features of glacial-interglacial CO2 cycles, including the tight correlation between atmospheric CO2 and Antarctic temperatures, the lead of Antarctic temperatures over CO2 at terminations, and the shift of ocean's δ13C minimum from the North Pacific to the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phytoplankton chlorophyll distributions and primary production in the Southern Ocean
J. Keith Moore,Mark R. Abbott +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used satellite ocean color data from the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWiFS) to examine distributions of chlorophyll concentration within the Southern Ocean for the period October 1997 through September 1998.
Journal ArticleDOI
Foraging ecology of southern elephant seals in relation to the bathymetry and productivity of the Southern Ocean
TL;DR: It is suggested that the physiological requirements of feeding and digestion reduced the aerobic dive limit of elephant seals and long distance travel to relocatable hydrographic or topographical features, such as shelf breaks, may allow large predators to locate prey more consistently than from mid-ocean searches.