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Various rat adult tissues express only one major mRNA species from the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase multigenic family

TLDR
This sequence allowed the determination of the hitherto unknown primary structure of rat GAPDH which is 333 aminoacids long and revealed a high degree of sequence conservation at both nucleotide and protein levels.
Abstract
We have isolated and sequenced a full-length cDNA clone encoding rat glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase (GAPDH, E.C.1.2.1.12). The entire mRNA is 1269 nucleotides long exclusive of poly(A) and contains respectively 71 and 196 bases of 5' and 3' non-coding regions. Primer extension as well as S1 nuclease protection experiments clearly established that a single (or at least a highly prominent) GAPDH mRNA species is expressed in all rat tissues examined. This sequence allowed the determination of the hitherto unknown primary structure of rat GAPDH which is 333 aminoacids long. Comparison between GAPDH sequences from rat, man and chicken revealed a high degree of sequence conservation at both nucleotide and protein levels.

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RAG-2-deficient mice lack mature lymphocytes owing to inability to initiate V(D)J rearrangement

TL;DR: Loss of RAG-2 function in vivo results in total inability to initiate V(D)J rearrangement, leading to a novel severe combined immune deficient (SCID) phenotype.
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Functional role of type I and type II interferons in antiviral defense.

TL;DR: Comparison of mice lacking either type I or type II IFN receptors showed that, at least in response to some viruses, both IFN systems are essential for antiviral defense and are functionally nonredundant.
Journal ArticleDOI

The extracellular matrix as a cell survival factor.

TL;DR: The results suggest that in addition to regulating cell growth and differentiation, the ECM also functions as a survival factor for many cell types.
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Homozygous disruption of the murine MDR2 P-glycoprotein gene leads to a complete absence of phospholipid from bile and to liver disease

TL;DR: It is concluded that the mdr2 P-glycoprotein has an essential role in the secretion of phosphatidylcholine into bile and hypothesize that it may be a phospholipid transport protein or phospholIPid flippase.
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Netrins are diffusible chemotropic factors for commissural axons in the embryonic spinal cord.

TL;DR: It is shown that netrin-1 is a chemotropic factor expressed by floor plate cells and suggested that the two netrin proteins guide commissural axons in the developing spinal cord.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors

TL;DR: A new method for determining nucleotide sequences in DNA is described, which makes use of the 2',3'-dideoxy and arabinon nucleoside analogues of the normal deoxynucleoside triphosphates, which act as specific chain-terminating inhibitors of DNA polymerase.
Journal ArticleDOI

A rapid alkaline extraction procedure for screening recombinant plasmid DNA

H C Birnboim, +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a procedure for extracting plasmid DNA from bacterial cells is described, which is simple enough to permit the analysis by gel electrophoresis of 100 or more clones per day, yet yields DNA which is pure enough to be digestible by restriction enzymes.
Journal ArticleDOI

Hybridization of denatured RNA and small DNA fragments transferred to nitrocellulose.

TL;DR: A simple and rapid method for transferring RNA from agarose gels to nitrocellulose paper for blot hybridization has been developed, allowing removal of the hybridized probes and rehybridization of the RNA blots without loss of sensitivity.
Journal ArticleDOI

A new method for sequencing DNA

TL;DR: Reactions that cleave DNA preferentially at guanines, at adenines,At cytosines and thymines equally, and at cytosine alone are described.
Journal ArticleDOI

Buffer gradient gels and 35S label as an aid to rapid DNA sequence determination.

TL;DR: The use of deoxyadenosine 5'-(alpha-[35S]thio)triphosphate as the label incorporated in dideoxynucleotide sequence reactions increases the sharpness of the bands on an autoradiograph and so increases the resolution achieved.
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