Vascular Calcification Pathobiology of a Multifaceted Disease
Linda L. Demer,Yin Tintut +1 more
TLDR
Clinically, vascular calcification is now accepted as a valuable predictor of coronary heart disease, and, conversely, many treatments for cardiovascular disease such as statins, antioxidants, hormone replacement therapy, ACE inhibitors, fish oils, and calcium channel blockers may affect bone health.Abstract:
Clinically, vascular calcification is now accepted as a valuable predictor of coronary heart disease.151 Achieving control over this process requires understanding mechanisms in the context of a tightly-controlled regulatory network, with multiple, nested feedback loops and cross-talk between organ systems, in the realm of control theory. Thus, treatments for osteoporosis such as calcitriol, estradiol, bisphosphonates, calcium supplements, and intermittent parathyroid hormone are likely to affect vascular calcification, and, conversely, many treatments for cardiovascular disease such as statins, antioxidants, hormone replacement therapy, ACE inhibitors, fish oils, and calcium channel blockers may affect bone health. As we develop and use treatments for cardiovascular and skeletal diseases, we must give serious consideration to the implications for the organ at the other end of the bone-vascular axis.read more
Citations
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Coronary Calcium Score and Cardiovascular Risk.
TL;DR: Evidence concerning CAC is summarized, including its pathobiology, modalities for detection, predictive role, use in prediction scoring algorithms, CAC progression, evidence that CAC changes the clinical approach to the patient and patient behavior, novel applications of CAC, future directions in scoring CAC scans, and new CAC guidelines.
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Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Arterial Stiffening: Relevance in Development, Aging, and Disease
TL;DR: Current concepts of central pressure and tensile pulsatile circumferential stress as key mechanical determinants of arterial wall remodeling, cell-ECM interactions depending mainly on the architecture of cytoskeletal proteins and focal adhesion, the large/small arteries cross-talk that gives rise to target organ damage, and inflammatory pathways leading to calcification or atherosclerosis are summarized.
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Evolving Concepts of Cardiac Valve Dynamics The Continuum of Development, Functional Structure, Pathobiology, and Tissue Engineering
TL;DR: The evolving paradigm of a continuum of heart valve structure, function, and pathobiology is reviewed and the potential for tissue engineering approaches to therapeutic regeneration of the cardiac valves is explored.
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Susceptibility-weighted imaging and quantitative susceptibility mapping in the brain
TL;DR: The basic principles of SWI, its clinical and research applications, the mechanisms governing brain susceptibility properties, and its practical implementation are reviewed, with a focus on brain imaging.
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Coronary artery calcification: pathogenesis and prognostic implications.
Mahesh V. Madhavan,Madhusudhan Tarigopula,Gary S. Mintz,Akiko Maehara,Gregg W. Stone,Philippe Généreux,Philippe Généreux +6 more
TL;DR: Although drug-eluting stents and devices for plaque modification have modestly improved outcomes in calcified vessels, adverse event rates are still high.
References
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Mutation of the mouse klotho gene leads to a syndrome resembling ageing
Makoto Kuro-o,Matsumura Yutaka,Hiroki Aizawa,Hiroshi Kawaguchi,Tatsuo Suga,Toshihiro Utsugi,Yoshio Ohyama,Masahiko Kurabayashi,Tadashi Kaname,Eisuke Kume,Hitoshi Iwasaki,Akihiro Iida,Takako Shiraki-Iida,Satoshi Nishikawa,Ryozo Nagai,Ryozo Nagai,Yo-ichi Nabeshima +16 more
TL;DR: A new gene, termed klotho, has been identified that is involved in the suppression of several ageing phenotypes in the mouse, and may function as part of a signalling pathway that regulates ageing in vivo and morbidity in age-related diseases.
Mutation of the mouse klotho gene leads to a syndrome resembling ageing
Makoto Kuro-o,Matsumura Yutaka,H. Arawa,Hiroshi Kawaguchi,Tatsuo Suga,Toshihiro Utsugi,Yoshio Ohyama,Masahiko Kurabayashi,Tadashi Kaname,Eisuke Kume,H. Iwasaki,Akihiro Iida,Takako Shiraki-Iida,Satoshi Nishikawa,Ryozo Nagai,Yo-ichi Nabeshima,K. Sharma,L. Kelly,T. Dandekar +18 more
TL;DR: A new gene, termed klotho, has been identified that is involved in the suppression of several ageing phenotypes in the mouse, including short lifespan, infertility, arteriosclerosis, skin atrophy, osteoporosis and emphysema as mentioned in this paper.
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osteoprotegerin-deficient mice develop early onset osteoporosis and arterial calcification
N. Bucay,Ildiko Sarosi,Colin R. Dunstan,Sean Morony,John E. Tarpley,C. Capparelli,S. Scully,Hong Lin Tan,Weilong Xu,David L. Lacey,William J. Boyle,William S. Simonet +11 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that OPG is a critical regulator of postnatal bone mass and regulation of OPG, its signaling pathway, or its ligand(s) may play a role in the long observed association between osteoporosis and vascular calcification.
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Spontaneous calcification of arteries and cartilage in mice lacking matrix GLA protein
Guangbin Luo,Patricia Ducy,Marc D. McKee,Gerald J. Pinero,Evelyne M Loyer,Richard R. Behringer,Gerard Karsenty +6 more
TL;DR: Mgp, a mineral-binding ECM protein3 synthesized by vascular smooth-muscle cells and chondrocytes, is the first inhibitor of calcification of arteries and cartilage to be characterized in vivo.
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Pathology of the Vulnerable Plaque
TL;DR: Of the three types of coronary thrombosis, a precursor lesion for acute rupture has been postulated and the non-thrombosed lesion that most resembles the acute plaque rupture is the thin cap fibroatheroma (TCFA).