Wire + Arc Additive Manufacturing
Stewart W. Williams,Filomeno Martina,Adrian C. Addison,Jialuo Ding,Goncalo Pardal,Paul A. Colegrove +5 more
TLDR
In this article, the benefits of non-destructive testing, online monitoring and in situ machining are discussed, and strategies on how to manage residual stress, improve mechanical properties and eliminate defects such as porosity are suggested.Abstract:
Depositing large components (>10 kg) in titanium, aluminium, steel and other metals is possible using Wire + Arc Additive Manufacturing. This technology adopts arc welding tools and wire as feedstock for additive manufacturing purposes. High deposition rates, low material and equipment costs, and good structural integrity make Wire+Arc Additive Manufacturing a suitable candidate for replacing the current method of manufacturing from solid billets or large forgings, especially with regards to low and medium complexity parts. A variety of components have been successfully manufactured with this process, including Ti–6Al–4V spars and landing gear assemblies, aluminium wing ribs, steel wind tunnel models and cones. Strategies on how to manage residual stress, improve mechanical properties and eliminate defects such as porosity are suggested. Finally, the benefits of non-destructive testing, online monitoring and in situ machining are discussed.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Additive manufacturing of metallic components – Process, structure and properties
Tarasankar Debroy,Huiliang Wei,J.S. Zuback,T. Mukherjee,John W. Elmer,John O. Milewski,Allison M. Beese,Alexander E. Wilson-Heid,Amitava De,Wei Zhang +9 more
TL;DR: A review of the emerging research on additive manufacturing of metallic materials is provided in this article, which provides a comprehensive overview of the physical processes and the underlying science of metallurgical structure and properties of the deposited parts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Additive manufacturing (3D printing): A review of materials, methods, applications and challenges
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the main 3D printing methods, materials and their development in trending applications was carried out in this paper, where the revolutionary applications of AM in biomedical, aerospace, buildings and protective structures were discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The metallurgy and processing science of metal additive manufacturing
TL;DR: In this article, a review of additive manufacturing (AM) techniques for producing metal parts are explored, with a focus on the science of metal AM: processing defects, heat transfer, solidification, solid-state precipitation, mechanical properties and post-processing metallurgy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Design for additive manufacturing: trends, opportunities, considerations, and constraints
Mary Kathryn Thompson,Giovanni Moroni,Thomas H.J. Vaneker,Georges M. Fadel,R. Ian Campbell,Ian Gibson,Alain Bernard,Joachim Schulz,Patricia Graf,Bhrigu Ahuja,Filomeno Martina +10 more
TL;DR: In the case of aircraft components, AM technology enables low-volume manufacturing, easy integration of design changes and, at least as importantly, piece part reductions to greatly simplify product assembly.
Journal ArticleDOI
A review of the wire arc additive manufacturing of metals: properties, defects and quality improvement
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the emerging research on wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) techniques and the commonly used metallic feedstock materials, and also provide a comprehensive over view of the metallurgical and material properties of the deposited parts.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Metal Additive Manufacturing: A Review
TL;DR: The state-of-the-art of additive manufacturing (AM) can be classified into three categories: direct digital manufacturing, free-form fabrication, or 3D printing as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Titanium alloy production technology, market prospects and industry development
TL;DR: Based on the microstructure of titanium alloys, it can be divided into α-type titanium alloy, β-type alloy, and α+β-type alloys.
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Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Wire and Arc Additive Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V
TL;DR: In this paper, the macrostructure, microstructure and mechanical properties of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy after WAAM deposition have been investigated, and the average yield and ultimate tensile strengths of the as-deposited material were found to be slightly lower than those for a forged Ti- 6Al 4V bar (MIL-T 9047), however, the ductility was similar and the mean fatigue life was significantly higher.
Journal ArticleDOI
Thermo-mechanical analysis of Wire and Arc Additive Layer Manufacturing process on large multi-layer parts
Jialuo Ding,Paul A. Colegrove,Jörn Mehnen,Supriyo Ganguly,P. M. Sequeira Almeida,Fude Wang,Stewart W. Williams +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the thermo-mechanical behavior of the multi-layer wall structure made by the wire and arc additive layer manufacturing (WAALM) process.