Showing papers on "Morning published in 2021"

Exercise training elicits superior metabolic effects when performed in the afternoon compared to morning in metabolically compromised humans

Abstract: The circadian clock and metabolism are tightly intertwined. Hence, the specific timing of interventions that target metabolic changes may affect their efficacy. Here we retrospectively compared the metabolic health effects of morning versus afternoon exercise training in metabolically compromised subjects enrolled in a 12-week exercise training program. Thirty-two adult males (58 ± 7 yrs) at risk for or diagnosed with type 2 diabetes performed 12 weeks of supervised exercise training either in the morning (8.00-10.00 a.m., N = 12) or in the afternoon (3.00-6.00 p.m., N = 20). Compared to participants who trained in the morning, participants who trained in the afternoon experienced superior beneficial effects of exercise training on peripheral insulin sensitivity (+5.2 ± 6.4 vs. -0.5 ± 5.4 μmol/min/kgFFM, p = .03), insulin-mediated suppression of adipose tissue lipolysis (-4.5 ± 13.7% vs. +5.9 ± 11%, p = .04), fasting plasma glucose levels (-0.3 ± 1.0 vs. +0.5 ± 0.8 mmol/l, p = .02), exercise performance (+0.40 ± 0.2 vs. +0.2 ± 0.1 W/kg, p = .05) and fat mass (-1.2 ± 1.3 vs. -0.2 ± 1.0 kg, p = .03). In addition, exercise training in the afternoon also tended to elicit superior effects on basal hepatic glucose output (p = .057). Our findings suggest that metabolically compromised subjects may reap more pronounced metabolic benefits from exercise training when this training is performed in the afternoon versus morning. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV ID: NCT01317576.

From Twitter to traffic predictor: Next-day morning traffic prediction using social media data

Abstract: The effectiveness of traditional traffic prediction methods, such as autoregressive or spatio-temporal models, is often extremely limited when forecasting traffic dynamics in early morning. The reason is that traffic can break down drastically during the early morning commute, and the time and duration of this break-down vary substantially from day to day. Early morning traffic forecast is crucial to inform morning-commute traffic management, but they are generally challenging to predict in advance, particularly by midnight (called ‘next-day morning traffic prediction’ thereafter). In this paper, we propose to mine Twitter messages as a probing method to understand the impacts of people’s work and rest patterns in the evening/midnight of the previous day to the next-day morning traffic. The model is tested on freeway networks in Pittsburgh as experiments. The resulting relationship is surprisingly simple and powerful. We find that, in general, the earlier people rest as indicated from Tweets, the more congested roads will be in the next morning. The occurrence of big events in the evening before, represented by higher or lower tweet sentiment than normal, often implies lower travel demand in the next morning than normal days. Besides, people’s tweeting activities in the night before and early morning (by 5am) are statistically associated with congestion in morning peak hours. We make use of such relationships to build a predictive framework which forecasts morning commute congestion using people’s tweeting profiles extracted by 5am. In most cases, the tweet information collected by the midnight before is sufficient to make good prediction for next-day morning traffic. The Pittsburgh study supports that this framework can precisely predict morning congestion, particularly for some road segments upstream of roadway bottlenecks with large day-to-day congestion variation, while its prediction performance being no worse than baseline methods on other roads. Through experiments, we demonstrate our approach considerably outperforms those existing methods without Twitter message features, and it can learn meaningful representation of demand from tweeting profiles that offer managerial insights. The proposed social media empowered framework can be a promising tool for real-time traffic management and potentially extended for traffic prediction at other times of day.

The effect of morning vs evening exercise training on glycaemic control and serum metabolites in overweight/obese men: a randomised trial

Abstract: We determined whether the time of day of exercise training (morning vs evening) would modulate the effects of consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) on glycaemic control, whole-body health markers and serum metabolomics. In this three-armed parallel-group randomised trial undertaken at a university in Melbourne, Australia, overweight/obese men consumed an HFD (65% of energy from fat) for 11 consecutive days. Participants were recruited via social media and community advertisements. Eligibility criteria for participation were male sex, age 30–45 years, BMI 27.0–35.0 kg/m2 and sedentary lifestyle. The main exclusion criteria were known CVD or type 2 diabetes, taking prescription medications, and shift-work. After 5 days, participants were allocated using a computer random generator to either exercise in the morning (06:30 hours), exercise in the evening (18:30 hours) or no exercise for the subsequent 5 days. Participants and researchers were not blinded to group assignment. Changes in serum metabolites, circulating lipids, cardiorespiratory fitness, BP, and glycaemic control (from continuous glucose monitoring) were compared between groups. Twenty-five participants were randomised (morning exercise n = 9; evening exercise n = 8; no exercise n = 8) and 24 participants completed the study and were included in analyses (n = 8 per group). Five days of HFD induced marked perturbations in serum metabolites related to lipid and amino acid metabolism. Exercise training had a smaller impact than the HFD on changes in circulating metabolites, and only exercise undertaken in the evening was able to partly reverse some of the HFD-induced changes in metabolomic profiles. Twenty-four-hour glucose concentrations were lower after 5 days of HFD compared with the participants’ habitual diet (5.3 ± 0.4 vs 5.6 ± 0.4 mmol/l, p = 0.001). There were no significant changes in 24 h glucose concentrations for either exercise group but lower nocturnal glucose levels were observed in participants who trained in the evening, compared with when they consumed the HFD alone (4.9 ± 0.4 vs 5.3 ± 0.3 mmol/l, p = 0.04). Compared with the no-exercise group, peak oxygen uptake improved after both morning (estimated effect 1.3 ml min−1 kg−1 [95% CI 0.5, 2.0], p = 0.003) and evening exercise (estimated effect 1.4 ml min−1 kg−1 [95% CI 0.6, 2.2], p = 0.001). Fasting blood glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triacylglycerol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations decreased only in participants allocated to evening exercise training. There were no unintended or adverse effects. A short-term HFD in overweight/obese men induced substantial alterations in lipid- and amino acid-related serum metabolites. Improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness were similar regardless of the time of day of exercise training. However, improvements in glycaemic control and partial reversal of HFD-induced changes in metabolic profiles were only observed when participants exercise trained in the evening. anzctr.org.au registration no. ACTRN12617000304336. This study was funded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF14OC0011493).

Difference between morning and evening home blood pressure and cardiovascular events: the J-HOP Study (Japan Morning Surge-Home Blood Pressure).

Abstract: Little is known about the relationship of the difference between morning and evening systolic blood pressure (BP) (MEdif) in home BP with cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence. To assess this relationship, we used data from the nationwide practice-based J-HOP (Japan Morning Surge-Home BP) study, which recruited 4258 cardiovascular risk participants (mean age 64.9 years; 46.8% men; 79.2% using antihypertensive medications) who underwent morning and evening home BP monitoring using a validated, automated device for 14 consecutive days. During a mean ± SD follow-up of 6.2 ± 3.8 years (26,295 person-years), 269 CVD events occurred. Adjusted Cox models suggested that higher MEdif (≥20 mmHg) was associated with higher CVD risks than was medium MEdif (0–20 mmHg) independent of the average morning and evening (MEave) home systolic BP (SBP) (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–1.91). We also divided participants into four BP phenotype groups as follows: “both non-elevated” (MEdif < 20 mmHg and MEave SBP < 135 mmHg), “elevated-MEdif” (MEdif ≥ 20 mmHg and MEave SBP < 135 mmHg), “elevated-MEave” (MEdif < 20 mmHg and MEave SBP ≥ 135 mmHg), and “both elevated” (MEdif ≥ 20 mmHg and MEave SBP ≥ 135 mmHg). The cumulative incidence of CVD events was higher in patients with the “elevated-MEdif,” “elevated-MEave,” and “both elevated” phenotypes than in those with the “both non-elevated” phenotype. After adjusting for covariates, the “both elevated” phenotype was associated with higher CVD risk than the “both non-elevated” phenotype (adjusted HR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.09–2.46). This is the first study demonstrating a direct correlation between CVD outcomes and the difference between morning and evening home SBP. The present study demonstrated that the higher difference of morning and evening home systolic blood pressure (SBP) (MEdif: morning minus evening home SBP ≥ 20 mmHg) was associated with higher total cardiovascular disease (CVD) events risk compared with other MEdif groups. After adjusting confounding factors and average of morning and evening home SBP (MEave), the higher MEdif group showed higher CVD risk compared with the normal MEdif group (0–20 mmHg) (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.88). The both elevated MEave (≥135 mmHg) and MEdif (≥20 mmHg) groups were also associated with higher CVD risk compared to the both controlled groups (adjusted HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.10–2.47). From these findings, the higher MEdif in home BP monitoring was suggested to predict future CVD incidence.

Eating Dinner Early Improves 24-h Blood Glucose Levels and Boosts Lipid Metabolism after Breakfast the Next Day: A Randomized Cross-Over Trial.

Abstract: Aim: To examine whether mild early time-restricted eating (eating dinner at 18:00 vs. at 21:00) improves 24-h blood glucose levels and postprandial lipid metabolism in healthy adults. Methods: Twelve participants (2 males and 10 females) were included in the study. In this 3-day (until the morning of day 3) randomized crossover study, two different conditions were tested: eating a late dinner (at 21:00) or an early dinner (at 18:00). During the experimental period, blood glucose levels were evaluated by each participant wearing a continuous blood glucose measuring device. Metabolic measurements were performed using the indirect calorimetry method on the morning of day 3. The study was conducted over three days; day 1 was excluded from the analysis to adjust for the effects of the previous day’s meal, and only data from the mornings of days 2 and 3 were used for the analysis. Results: Significant differences were observed in mean 24-h blood glucose levels on day 2 between the two groups (p = 0.034). There was a significant decrease in the postprandial respiratory quotient 30 min and 60 min after breakfast on day 3 in the early dinner group compared with the late dinner group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Despite a difference of only 3 h, eating dinner early (at 18:00) has a positive effect on blood glucose level fluctuation and substrate oxidation compared with eating dinner late (at 21:00).

Effect of time of day of recreational and household physical activity on prostate and breast cancer risk (MCC-Spain study)

Abstract: Experimental evidence indicates that exercise performed at different times of the day may affect circadian rhythms and circadian disruption has been linked to breast and prostate cancer. We examined in a population-based case-control study (MCC-Spain) if the time-of-day when physical activity is done affects prostate and breast cancer risk. Lifetime recreational and household physical activity was assessed by in-person interviews. Information on time-of-day of activity (assessed approximately 3 years after the assessment of lifetime physical activity and confounders) was available for 781 breast cancer cases, 865 population female controls, 504 prostate cases and 645 population male controls from 10 Spanish regions, 2008-2013. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for different activity timings compared to inactive subjects using unconditional logistic regression adjusting for confounders. Early morning (8-10 am) activity was associated with a protective effect compared to no physical activity for both breast (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.48-1.15) and prostate cancer (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.44-1.20); meta-OR for the two cancers combined 0.74 (95%CI = 0.53-1.02). There was no effect observed for breast or prostate cancer for late morning to afternoon activity while a protective effect was also observed for evening activity only for prostate cancer (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.45-1.24). Protective effects of early morning activity were more pronounced for intermediate/evening chronotypes for both cancers. This is the first population-based investigation identifying a differential effect of timing of physical activity on cancer risk with more pronounced effects for morning hour activity. Our results, if confirmed, may improve current physical activity recommendations for cancer prevention.

The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis in Cushing Syndrome Before and After Curative Surgery

Abstract: BACKGROUND We do not fully understand how hypercortisolism causes central hypothyroidism or what factors influence recovery of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. We evaluated thyroid function during and after cure of Cushing syndrome (CS). METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of adult patients with CS seen from 2005 to 2018 (cohort 1, c1, n = 68) or 1985 to 1994 (cohort 2, c2, n = 55) at a clinical research center. Urine (UFC) and diurnal serum cortisol (F: ~8 am and ~midnight [pm]), morning 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyrotropin (TSH) (c1) or hourly TSH from 1500 to 1900 h (day) and 2400 to 04000 h (night) (c2), were measured before and after curative surgery. RESULTS While hypercortisolemic, 53% of c1 had central hypothyroidism (low/low normal FT4 + unelevated TSH). Of those followed long term, 31% and 44% had initially subnormal FT4 and T3, respectively, which normalized 6 to 12 months after cure. Hypogonadism was more frequent in hypothyroid (69%) compared to euthyroid (13%) patients. Duration of symptoms, morning and midnight F, adrenocorticotropin, and UFC were inversely related to TSH, FT4, and/or T3 levels (r = -0.24 to -0.52, P < .001 to 0.02). In c2, the nocturnal surge of TSH (mIU/L) was subnormal before (day 1.00 ± 0.04 vs night 1.08 ± 0.05, P = .3) and normal at a mean of 8 months after cure (day 1.30 ± 0.14 vs night 2.17 ± 0.27, P = .01). UFC greater than or equal to 1000 μg/day was an independent adverse prognostic marker of time to thyroid hormone recovery. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal thyroid function, likely mediated by subnormal nocturnal TSH, is prevalent in Cushing syndrome and is reversible after cure.

Time-of-Day Differences in Treatment-Related Habit Strength and Adherence

Abstract: BACKGROUND Many of our daily behaviors are habitual, occurring automatically in response to learned contextual cues, and with minimal need for cognitive and self-regulatory resources. Behavioral habit strength predicts adherence to actions, including to medications. The time of day (morning vs. evening) may influence adherence and habit strength to the degree that stability of contexts/routines varies throughout the day. PURPOSE The current study evaluates whether patients are more adherent to morning versus evening doses of medication and if morning doses show evidence of greater habit strength than evening doses. METHODS Objective adherence data (exact timing of pill dosing) were collected in an observational study by electronic monitoring pill bottles in a sample of patients on twice-daily pills for Type 2 diabetes (N = 51) over the course of 1 month. RESULTS Data supported the hypothesis that patients would miss fewer morning than evening pills. However, counter to the hypothesis, variability in dose timing (an indicator of habit strength) was not significantly different for morning versus evening pills. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that medication adherence may be greater in the morning than in the evening. However, more research is needed to evaluate the role of habitual action in this greater adherence. Furthermore, future research should evaluate the validity of behavioral timing consistency as an indicator of habit strength.

Preliminary Results: The Impact of Smartphone Use and Short-Wavelength Light during the Evening on Circadian Rhythm, Sleep and Alertness.

Abstract: Smartphone usage strongly increased in the last decade, especially before bedtime. There is growing evidence that short-wavelength light affects hormonal secretion, thermoregulation, sleep and alertness. Whether blue light filters can attenuate these negative effects is still not clear. Therefore, here, we present preliminary data of 14 male participants (21.93 ± 2.17 years), who spent three nights in the sleep laboratory, reading 90 min either on a smartphone (1) with or (2) without a blue light filter, or (3) on printed material before bedtime. Subjective sleepiness was decreased during reading on a smartphone, but no effects were present on evening objective alertness in a GO/NOGO task. Cortisol was elevated in the morning after reading on the smartphone without a filter, which resulted in a reduced cortisol awakening response. Evening melatonin and nightly vasodilation (i.e., distal-proximal skin temperature gradient) were increased after reading on printed material. Early slow wave sleep/activity and objective alertness in the morning were only reduced after reading without a filter. These results indicate that short-wavelength light affects not only circadian rhythm and evening sleepiness but causes further effects on sleep physiology and alertness in the morning. Using a blue light filter in the evening partially reduces these negative effects.

Investigation into the built environment impacts on pedestrian crash frequencies during morning, noon/afternoon, night, and during peak hours: a case study in Miami County, Florida

Abstract: This study aims to investigate the effects of built environment factors on pedestrian crash frequency during the morning, noon-afternoon, night, and during peak hours. To accomplish this, micro-cra...

Caffeine increases maximal fat oxidation during a graded exercise test: is there a diurnal variation?

Abstract: There is evidence that caffeine increases the maximal fat oxidation rate (MFO) and aerobic capacity, which are known to be lower in the morning than in the afternoon. This paper examines the effect of caffeine intake on the diurnal variation of MFO during a graded exercise test in active men. Using a triple-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover experimental design, 15 active caffeine-naive men (age: 32 ± 7 years) completed a graded exercise test four times at seven-day intervals. The subjects ingested 3 mg/kg of caffeine or a placebo at 8 am in the morning and 5 pm in the afternoon (each subject completed tests under all four conditions in a random order). A graded cycling test was performed. MFO and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) were measured by indirect calorimetry, and the intensity of exercise that elicited MFO (Fatmax) calculated. MFO, Fatmax and VO2max were significantly higher in the afternoon than in the morning (all P < 0.05). Compared to the placebo, caffeine increased mean MFO by 10.7% (0.28 ± 0.10 vs. 0.31 ± 0.09 g/min respectively, P < 0.001) in the morning, and by a mean 29.0% (0.31 ± 0.09 vs. 0.40 ± 0.10 g/min, P < 0.001) in the afternoon. Caffeine also increased mean Fatmax by 11.1% (36.9 ± 14.4 [placebo] vs. 41.0 ± 13.1%, P = 0.005) in the morning, and by 13.1% (42.0 ± 11.6 vs. 47.5 ± 10.8%, P = 0.008) in the afternoon. These findings confirm the previously reported diurnal variation in the whole-body fat oxidation rate during graded exercise in active caffeine-naive men, and indicate that the acute ingestion of 3 mg/kg of caffeine increases MFO, Fatmax and VO2max independent of the time of day. NCT04320446 . Registered 25 March 2020 - Retrospectively registered

Mindful larks and lonely owls: The relationship between chronotype, mental health, sleep quality, and social support in young adults.

Abstract: Chronotype is related to mental health, with evening chronotypes being more susceptible to psychological disorders than intermediate and morning types. The present study investigated the relationship between chronotype, mental health, sleep quality, and social support in Canadian young adults. We surveyed 3160 university students aged 18-35 years. Participants completed the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Medical Outcomes Study - Social Support Survey. We conducted Bonferroni-corrected one-way analyses of covariance with post hoc paired comparisons to determine the relationship between the aforementioned variables, with age and sex as covariates. We further looked at the moderation of social support on the relationship between chronotype and sleep quality. Overall, 55%, 36% and 9% of participants were classified as intermediate, evening and morning types, respectively. There was a significant difference between chronotype on levels of depression, anxiety, and sleep quality, with evening types reporting more severe symptomology than morning-types and intermediate types. Morning types reported greater levels of overall social support and mindfulness. Evening types reported the lowest levels of all types of social support. Social support did not moderate the relationship between chronotype and sleep quality. This study further demonstrates the association between worse psychological well-being and eveningness and between more social support, and mindfulness in morning chronotype young adults. Education and intervention are warranted to help evening chronotypes manage the potential negative features of their circadian rhythm, as well as to cultivate a greater sense of social support and mindfulness.

Does a healthy lifestyle matter? A daily diary study of unhealthy eating at home and behavioral outcomes at work.

Abstract: With abundant health-related information, the modern workforce is advised to engage in health-promoting behaviors such as good sleep, physical activities, and a healthy diet to stay productive at work. However, no study has provided a theoretical framework or empirical evidence on the association between employees' unhealthy eating behavior and the quality of their performance. Drawing from the stress and coping literature, the current study proposes a moderated mediation model to investigate the day-specific roles of (un)healthy lifestyle in regard to personal well-being and performance at work. We used daily diary data collected from 97 full-time employees and employed an experience sampling method (ESM) to examine this within-person phenomenon for 2 weeks. Our multilevel path analysis reveals that employees' unhealthy eating behavior in the evening led to emotional strain (e.g., guilt) as well as physical strain (e.g., stomachache, diarrhea) on the next morning; the emotional and physical strains experienced in the morning served as key mediators resulting in decreased quality of performance (i.e., less helping and more withdrawal behaviors) in the afternoon. Furthermore, emotional stability was found to moderate the relationship between unhealthy eating behavior and morning strains, such that employees with higher emotional stability tended to experience less negative emotions and fewer physical symptoms. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed, along with suggestions for future studies on health-related behaviors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Associations Between Morning Salivary and Blood Cortisol Concentrations in Individuals With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis.

Abstract: Background Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) may be associated with an increase in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis activity (HPA AA) We reviewed research comparing morning salivary and blood (serum and plasma) cortisol concentrations of individuals with OSAS to those of healthy controls Methods We made a systematic search without any restrictions of the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases for relevant articles published up to August 25, 2019 Results Sixteen studies were analyzed in this meta-analysis; five studies compared morning salivary concentrations, five compared serum concentrations, four compared plasma cortisol concentrations, and two compared both salivary and plasma concentrations In pediatric samples, compared to healthy controls, those with OSAS had significantly lower saliva morning cortisol concentrations (MD = -013 µg/dl; 95% CI: 021, -004; P = 0003) In contrast, no significant differences were observed for serum cortisol concentrations, plasma cortisol concentrations, or salivary morning cortisol concentrations between adults with and without OSAS (p = 061, p = 017, p = 017) Conclusion Cortisol concentrations did not differ between adults with OSAS and healthy controls In contrast, morning salivary cortisol concentrations were lower in children with OSAS, compared to healthy controls Given that a reduced HPA AA is observed among individuals with chronic stress, it is conceivable that children with OSAS are experiencing chronic psychophysiological stress

Serum progesterone levels greater than 32.5 ng/ml on the day of embryo transfer are associated with lower live birth rate after artificial endometrial preparation: a prospective study.

Abstract: Previous observational studies have highlighted the negative effects of serum hormone levels at the minimum threshold during frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles. However, still the questions regarding the maximum threshold level, and the highest allowed dosage of hormonal medications remain unresolved. The present study was conducted to determine whether there is any relationship between the serum progesterone and estradiol levels on the day of ET, and live birth rate (LBR) in patients receiving HRT in FET cycles. In this prospective cohort study, eligible women who were undergoing their first or second FET cycles with the top graded blastocyst stage embryos were included. All patients received the same HRT regimen. FET was scheduled 5 days after administration of the first dosage of progesterone. On the morning of ET, 4–6 h after the last dose of progesterone supplementation, the serum progesterone (P4, ng/ml) and estradiol (E2, pg/ml) levels were measured. Amongst the 258 eligible women that were evaluated, the overall LBR was 34.1 % (88/258). The serum P4 and E2 values were divided into four quartiles. The means of women’s age and BMI were similar between the four quartiles groups. Regarding both P4 and E2 values, it was found that the LBR was significantly lower in the highest quartile group (Q4) compared with the others, (P = 0.002 and P = 0.042, respectively). The analysis of the multivariable logistic regression showed that the serum level of P4 on ET day, was the only significant predictive variable for LBR. The ROC curve revealed a significant predictive value of serum P4 levels on the day of ET for LBR, with an AUC = 0.61 (95 % CI: 0.54–0.68, P = 0.002). The optimum level of serum P4, with 70 % sensitivity and 50 %specificity for LBR, was 32.5 ng/ml. The present study suggests that a serum P4 value at the maximum threshold on the day of FET is associated with reduced LBR following blastocyst transfer. Therefore, measuring and monitoring of P4 levels during FET cycles might be necessary. However, the results regarding the necessity for the screening of serum E2 levels before ET, are still controversial, and further prospective studies are required.

Predictive power of home blood pressure measurement for cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: KAMOGAWA-HBP study.

Abstract: Our previous study showed that the morning systolic blood pressure target should be <120 mmHg to prevent the onset or progression of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. In this study, we examined the prognostic values of home and clinical blood pressure for first cardiovascular events in the same cohort. Morning and evening home blood pressure measurements were obtained in triplicate for 14 consecutive days from the beginning of the study in a retrospective cohort of 1081 type 2 diabetes patients (44.5% women; median age 66.0 years) with no history of macrovascular complications. The first major cardiovascular event was the primary endpoint; the risk was examined by the Cox proportional hazards model. After a mean follow-up of 6.63 years, first-time cardiovascular events occurred in 119 patients (incidence, 16.6/1000 patient-years). Baseline morning systolic blood pressure (hazard ratio: 1.14, 95% CI 1.01–1.28) significantly predicted cardiovascular events, whereas clinical blood pressure did not. The adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) for the incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with morning systolic blood pressure ≥135 mmHg tended to be higher than that in those with morning systolic blood pressure <125 mmHg [1.67 (0.94–2.97)]. Elevated home blood pressure measurement is a predictor of future cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes patients and may be superior to clinical blood pressure measurement in this regard.