Showing papers on "Nanolaser published in 2018"
TL;DR: A robust and stretchable nanolaser platform that can preserve its high mode quality by exploiting hybrid quadrupole plasmons as an optical feedback mechanism that provides a route toward mechanical modulation of light-matter interactions on the nanoscale is reported.
Abstract: This paper reports a robust and stretchable nanolaser platform that can preserve its high mode quality by exploiting hybrid quadrupole plasmons as an optical feedback mechanism. Increasing the size of metal nanoparticles in an array can introduce ultrasharp lattice plasmon resonances with out-of-plane charge oscillations that are tolerant to lateral strain. By patterning these nanoparticles onto an elastomeric slab surrounded by liquid gain, we realized reversible, tunable nanolasing with high strain sensitivity and no hysteresis. Our semiquantum modeling demonstrates that lasing build-up occurs at the hybrid quadrupole electromagnetic hot spots, which provides a route toward mechanical modulation of light-matter interactions on the nanoscale.
90 citations
TL;DR: This work experimentally demonstrates the formation of lead halide perovskite (MAPbX3) based hybrid plasmonic nanolasers and nanolaser arrays with arbitrary cavity shapes and controllable lasing wavelengths.
Abstract: Hybrid plasmonic nanolasers are intensively studied due to their nanoscale mode confinement and potentials in highly integrated photonic and quantum devices. Until now, the characteristics of plasmonic nanolasers are mostly determined by the crystal facets of top semiconductors, such as ZnO nanowires or nanoplates. As a result, the spasers are isolated, and their lasing wavelengths are random and difficult to tune. Herein, we experimentally demonstrate the formation of lead halide perovskite (MAPbX3) based hybrid plasmonic nanolasers and nanolaser arrays with arbitrary cavity shapes and controllable lasing wavelengths. These spasers are composed of MAPbX3 perovskite nanosheets, which are separated from Au patterns with a 10 nm SiO2 spacer. In contrast to previous reports, here, the spasers are determined by the boundary of Au patterns instead of the crystal facets of MAPbX3 nanosheets. As a result, whispering gallery mode based circular spasers and spaser arrays were successfully realized by patterning th...
81 citations
TL;DR: The hyperbolic metacavity laser shows a clear clamping of spontaneous emission above the threshold, which demonstrates a near complete radiation coupling of the MQW with the metac Cavity, which can greatly simplify the requirements of plasmonic nanolaser with a long plAsmonic structure.
Abstract: Given the high demand for miniaturized optoelectronic circuits, plasmonic devices with the capability of generating coherent radiation at deep subwavelength scales have attracted great interest for diverse applications such as nanoantennas, single photon sources, and nanosensors. However, the design of such lasing devices remains a challenging issue because of the long structure requirements for producing strong radiation feedback. Here, a plasmonic laser made by using a nanoscale hyperbolic metamaterial cube, called hyperbolic metacavity, on a multiple quantum-well (MQW), deep-ultraviolet emitter is presented. The specifically designed metacavity merges plasmon resonant modes within the cube and provides a unique resonant radiation feedback to the MQW. This unique plasmon field allows the dipoles of the MQW with various orientations into radiative emission, achieving enhancement of spontaneous emission rate by a factor of 33 and of quantum efficiency by a factor of 2.5, which is beneficial for coherent laser action. The hyperbolic metacavity laser shows a clear clamping of spontaneous emission above the threshold, which demonstrates a near complete radiation coupling of the MQW with the metacavity. This approach shown here can greatly simplify the requirements of plasmonic nanolaser with a long plasmonic structure, and the metacavity effect can be extended to many other material systems.
63 citations
TL;DR: The pseudowedge plasmonic lasers reported in this study exhibit extremely small mode volumes, high group indices, high spontaneous emission factors, and high Purell factors beneficial for the strong interaction between light and matter.
Abstract: Concentrating light at the deep subwavelength scale by utilizing plasmonic effects has been reported in various optoelectronic devices with intriguing phenomena and functionality. Plasmonic waveguides with a planar structure exhibit a two-dimensional degree of freedom for the surface plasmon; the degree of freedom can be further reduced by utilizing metallic nanostructures or nanoparticles for surface plasmon resonance. Reduction leads to different lightwave confinement capabilities, which can be utilized to construct plasmonic nanolaser cavities. However, most theoretical and experimental research efforts have focused on planar surface plasmon polariton (SPP) nanolasers. In this study, we combined nanometallic structures intersecting with ZnO nanowires and realized the first laser emission based on pseudowedge SPP waveguides. Relative to current plasmonic nanolasers, the pseudowedge plasmonic lasers reported in our study exhibit extremely small mode volumes, high group indices, high spontaneous emission factors, and high Purell factors beneficial for the strong interaction between light and matter. Furthermore, we demonstrated that compact plasmonic laser arrays can be constructed, which could benefit integrated plasmonic circuits.
51 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a one-dimensional plasmonic laser was demonstrated at visible wavelengths, with clear thresholds and line widths down to 0.11 nm, and the light field was observed in a dark mode that extended over the whole structure, even outside the pumped area.
Abstract: Controlling and generating coherent light fields in the nanoscale is critical for reducing the size of photonic circuitry. There are several demonstrations of zero-, one-, two-, and three-dimensional nanolaser architectures. Here we experimentally demonstrate a one-dimensional plasmonic laser, which consists of a periodic chain of aluminum nanoparticles and organic gain media. Lasing is observed at visible wavelengths, with clear thresholds and line widths down to 0.11 nm. Lasing occurs in a dark mode that extends over the whole structure, even outside the pumped area. The single lithography step fabrication and one-dimensional character allow for easy integration of these laser sources with other plasmonic structures.
30 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a hybrid plasmonic crystal nanolaser that features a ZnO nanowire placed on Al grating surfaces with a nanotrench defect nanocavity is presented.
Abstract: Recent developments in small footprint plasmonic nanolasers show promise for active optical sensing with potential applications in various fields, including real-time and label-free biochemical sensing, and gas detection. In this study, we demonstrate a novel hybrid plasmonic crystal nanolaser that features a ZnO nanowire placed on Al grating surfaces with a nanotrench defect nanocavity. The lasing action of gain-assisted defect nanocavity overcomes the ohmic loss parasitically in the plasmonic nanostructures. Therefore, the plasmonic nanolaser exhibits an extremely small mode volume, a narrow linewidth Δλ, and a high Purcell factor that can facilitate the strong interaction between light and matter. This can be used as a refractive index sensor and is highly sensitive to local changes in the refractive indices of ambient materials. By careful design, the near-ultraviolet nanolaser sensors have significant sensing performances of glucose solutions, revealing a high sensitivity of 249 nm/RIU and high resol...
30 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the second order intensity correlation, g 2 (τ), characterizations, direct modulation and electromagnetic isolation in a dual nanolaser system were discussed, and two practical methods to eliminate the electromagnetic coupling between two closely spaced MDNLs were proposed.
29 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a new structure based on MoS2 and investigated the electric field distribution, the locality and the loss of the mode, and the threshold under different geometric shapes and parameters.
Abstract: The paper has proposed a new structure based on MoS2. The electric field distribution, the locality and the loss of the mode, and the threshold under different geometric shapes and parameters are investigated using COMSOL Multiphysics software, based on the finite element method. The different influenced degree of each component is also analyzed. Simulation results reveal that this kind of nanolaser has a low loss and high field confinement ability, the radius of CdS and Ag make a major contribution to the low loss and low threshold, and field confinement ability is mainly affected by the height of air gap. Under optimal parameters, effective propagation loss is only 0.00013, and the lasing threshold can be as low as 0.11 μm−1. The results provide theory and technique support to the field of new nanolaser design.
24 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate a new method for generating superthermal light using a bimodal semiconductor nanolaser, which can be used for quantum information processing and imaging techniques.
Abstract: Micro- and nanoscale lasers that display superthermal intensity fluctuations could lead to novel applications in quantum information processing and imaging techniques. Experiments demonstrate a new method for generating superthermal light using a bimodal semiconductor nanolaser.
23 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a nanoscale hyperbolic metacavity on the deep-UV LED to enhance radiative emission rate by a factor of 160 and quantum efficiency by 3.5.
23 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a hybrid plasmonic nanolaser based on nanowire/air slot/semicircular graphene and metal wire structure was designed, where the waveguides in the nanowires and the graphene-metal interface are coupled to form a hybrid plasma mode, which effectively reduces the metal loss.
Abstract: A hybrid plasmonic nanolaser based on nanowire/air slot/semicircular graphene and metal wire structure was designed. In this structure, the waveguides in the nanowires and the graphene-metal interface are coupled to form a hybrid plasma mode, which effectively reduces the metal loss. The mode and strong coupling of the laser are analyzed by using the finite-element method. Its electric field distribution, propagation loss, normalized mode area, quality factor, and lasing threshold are studied with the different geometric model. Simulation results reveal that the performance of the laser using this structure can be optimized by adjusting the model parameters. Under the optimal parameters, the effective propagation loss is only 0.0096, and the lasing threshold can be as low as 0.14 μm−1. This structure can achieve deep sub-wavelength confinement and low-loss transmission, and provides technical support for the miniaturization and integration of nano-devices.
TL;DR: In this article, a secure communication system utilizing chaotic nanolaser is presented, in which a message transmitted in the form of a colored image is carried out which verifies the immunity of the system against possible statistical, brute force and differential attacks.
TL;DR: This work demonstrates the realization of a plasmonic-waveguide nanolaser without the need for transfer and positioning steps, which is the key for on-chip integration of nanophotonic devices.
Abstract: Plasmonic-waveguide lasers, which exhibit subdiffraction limit lasing and light propagation, are promising for the next-generation of nanophotonic devices in computation, communication, and biosensing. Plasmonic lasers supporting waveguide modes are often based on nanowires grown with bottom-up techniques that need to be transferred and aligned for use in optical circuits. Here, we demonstrate a monolithically fabricated ZnO/Al plasmonic-waveguide nanolaser compatible with the fabrication requirements of on-chip circuits. The nanolaser is designed with a plasmonic metal layer on the top of the laser cavity only, providing highly efficient energy transfer between photons, excitons, and plasmons, and achieving lasing in the ultraviolet region up to 330 K with a low threshold intensity (0.20 mJ/cm2 at room temperature). This work demonstrates the realization of a plasmonic-waveguide nanolaser without the need for transfer and positioning steps, which is the key for on-chip integration of nanophotonic devices.
TL;DR: In this article, the first time quantum dot (QD) nanolasers have been integrated on a silicon photonic circuit, they were demonstrated using transfer printing, whereby the three-dimensional stack of photonic nanostructures is assembled in a pick-andplace manner.
Abstract: Quantum-dot (QD) nanolasers integrated on a silicon photonic circuit are demonstrated for the first time. QD nanolasers based on one-dimensional photonic crystal nanocavities containing InAs/GaAs QDs are integrated on CMOS-processed silicon waveguides with silicon dioxide cladding. We employed transfer printing, whereby the three-dimensional stack of photonic nanostructures is assembled in a pick-and-place manner. The lasing operation and waveguide coupling of an assembled single nanolaser are confirmed through micro-photoluminescence spectroscopy. Furthermore, by repetitive transfer printing, two QD nanolasers integrated onto a single silicon waveguide are demonstrated, opening a path to the development of compact light sources potentially applicable to wavelength division multiplexing.
04 May 2018
TL;DR: In this article, a plasmonic nanolaser built on ultra-smooth silver films was presented, which achieved a lasing at 628 nm with a linewidth of 1.7 nm and a directivity of 2.3.
Abstract: A fundamental problem in the integration of photonic elements is the problem of the light localization and the creation of nanolocalized laser sources of radiation. A new approach in the miniaturization of lasers is the approach based on using plasmon fields instead of photon fields. Plasmons arise from the interaction of the oscillations of the electron density and the electromagnetic fields that excite them. Accordingly, the electromagnetic effects caused by these fields occur in the subwavelength region near the surfaces, namely, in the nanometer range. Therefore, the approach allows to overcome the diffraction limitation on the laser size. Plasmonic nanolaser is a nanoscale (at least in one dimension) quantum generator of nanolocalized coherent plasmon fields. The nanoscopic in all three dimensions plasmon nanolaser has a different name: SPASER (Surface Plasmon Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation). It is based on patterned metal film. The precision of formed structures and the dielectric properties of the metal are critical factors in determining any plasmonic device performance. Surface and morphology inhomogeneities should be minimized to avoid SPP scattering during propagation and etching anisotropy. Moreover, the metal should have high conductivity and low optical absorption to enhance optical properties and reduce losses. Some researchers focused on developing new low-loss materials (nitrides, highly-doped semiconductors, semiconductors oxides, or two-dimensional materials), but silver and gold are the most commonly used materials in optics and plasmonics due the lowest optical losses in visible and near infrared wavelength range. Recently, we have presented plasmonic nanolaser built on ultra-smooth silver films. Nanoscale structure in metallic films are typically fabricated by a two-step process. Metals are first deposited using evaporation or sputtering on a substrate and then patterned with focused-ion-beam milling or e-beam lithography and dry etching. If the deposited films are polycrystalline, etch rates vary for different grain orientations and grain boundaries. Therefore, the patterned structures could differ from each other. One of the possible solutions is to deposit singlecrystalline metals, which will be etched more uniformly and lead to precise structures. Another approach deals with large grain (<300 nm) polycrystalline film preparation. The fabricated silver films showed ultra-low losses (40 cm−1). Built on it a plasmonic laser demonstrated the lasing at 628 nm with a linewidth of 1.7 nm and a directivity of 1.3.
TL;DR: Simple and rapid detection of collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) is demonstrated, which is a promising biomarker candidate for neuropsychiatric diseases existing in peripheral white blood cells.
TL;DR: In this article, the first time quantum dot (QD) nanolasers were integrated on a silicon photonic circuit, they were demonstrated to operate and light up a single nanolaser in a simple pick-and-place manner.
Abstract: Quantum-dot (QD) nanolasers integrated on a silicon photonic circuit are demonstrated for the first time. QD nanolasers based on one-dimensional photonic crystal nanocavities containing InAs/GaAs QDs are integrated on CMOS-processed silicon waveguides cladded by silicon dioxide. We employed transfer-printing, whereby the three-dimensional stack of photonic nanostructures is assembled in a simple pick-and-place manner. Lasing operation and waveguide-coupling of an assembled single nanolaser are confirmed through micro-photoluminescence spectroscopy. Furthermore, by repetitive transfer-printing, two QD nanolasers integrated onto a single silicon waveguide are demonstrated, opening a path to develop compact light sources potentially applicable for wavelength division multiplexing.
TL;DR: In this paper, a room temperature ultraviolet surface-plasmon-polariton nanolaser at a wavelength of 360nm with a threshold as low as ∼ 0.2MW/cm2 was demonstrated, which provides a powerful evidence for potential application of the singlecrystalline Al film in plasmonic devices.
Abstract: High-quality single-crystalline aluminum films have been grown on Si(111) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. The x-ray diffraction rocking curve of the (111) plane of the Al film shows a full width at half maximum of 564 arc sec for the sample grown at 100 °C, where the surface is atomically flat with a root-mean-square roughness of 0.40 nm in a scanned area of 3 × 3 μm2. By using such a high-quality Al film, we have demonstrated a room temperature ultraviolet surface-plasmon-polariton nanolaser at a wavelength of 360 nm with a threshold as low as ∼0.2 MW/cm2, which provides a powerful evidence for potential application of the single-crystalline Al film in plasmonic devices.High-quality single-crystalline aluminum films have been grown on Si(111) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. The x-ray diffraction rocking curve of the (111) plane of the Al film shows a full width at half maximum of 564 arc sec for the sample grown at 100 °C, where the surface is atomically flat with a root-mean-square roughness of 0.40 nm in a scanned area of 3 × 3 μm2. By using such a high-quality Al film, we have demonstrated a room temperature ultraviolet surface-plasmon-polariton nanolaser at a wavelength of 360 nm with a threshold as low as ∼0.2 MW/cm2, which provides a powerful evidence for potential application of the single-crystalline Al film in plasmonic devices.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors experimentally demonstrate the control of the radiative interaction between InAs QDs and one mode of three coupled nanocavities by non-locally molding the mode field experienced by the QDs inside one of the cavities, and they are able to deterministically tune, and even inhibit, the spontaneous emission into the mode.
Abstract: Quantum dots (QDs) interacting with confined light fields in photonic crystal cavities represent a scalable light source for the generation of single photons and laser radiation in the solid-state platform. The complete control of light-matter interaction in these sources is needed to fully exploit their potential, but it has been challenging due to the small length scales involved. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate the control of the radiative interaction between InAs QDs and one mode of three coupled nanocavities. By non-locally moulding the mode field experienced by the QDs inside one of the cavities, we are able to deterministically tune, and even inhibit, the spontaneous emission into the mode. The presented method will enable the real-time switching of Rabi oscillations, the shaping of the temporal waveform of single photons, and the implementation of unexplored nanolaser modulation schemes.
TL;DR: This report marks an important step towards realizing a nanolaser diode with a high cavity-QED effect, which is promising for use with on-chip densely integrated laser sources in photonic networks-on-chip combined with CMOS processors.
Abstract: Few-cell point-defect photonic crystal (PhC) nanocavities (such as LX and H1 type cavities), have several unique characteristics including an ultra-small mode volume (Vm), a small device footprint advantageous for dense integration, and a large mode spacing advantageous for high spontaneous-emission coupling coefficient (β), which are promising for energy-efficient densely-integratable on-chip laser light sources enhanced by the cavity QED effect. To achieve this goal, a high quality factor (Q) is essential, but conventional few-cell point-defect cavities do not have a sufficiently high Q. Here we adopt a series of modified designs of LX cavities with a buried heterostructure (BH) multi-quantum-well (MQW) active region that can achieve a high Q while maintaining their original advantages and fabricate current-injection laser devices. We have successfully observed continuous-wave (CW) lasing in InP-based L1, L2, L3 and L5 PhC nanocavities at 23°C with a DC current injection lower than 10 μA and a bias voltage lower than 0.9 V. The active volume is ultra-small while maintaining a sufficiently high confinement factor, which is as low as ~10−15 cm3 for a single-cell (L1) nanocavity. This is the first room-temperature current-injection CW lasing from any types of few-cell point-defect PhC nanocavities (LX or H1 types). Our report marks an important step towards realizing a nanolaser diode with a high cavity-QED effect, which is promising for use with on-chip densely integrated laser sources in photonic networks-on-chip combined with CMOS processors.
30 Mar 2018
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used time-resolved photon-correlation spectroscopy to establish second-order coherence associated with spontaneous emission in a quantum-dot photonic-crystal nanolaser emitting in the telecom band.
Abstract: In the realization of ultrasmall semiconductor lasers, cavity-QED effects are used to enhance spontaneous emission and enable the lasing threshold to be crossed with gain contributions from only a few solid-state emitters. Operation in this regime fosters correlation effects that leave their fingerprint especially in the emission dynamics of nanolasers. Using time-resolved photon-correlation spectroscopy, we show that in a quantum-dot photonic-crystal nanolaser emitting in the telecom band, second-order coherence associated with lasing is established on a different timescale than the emission itself. By combining measurements with a microscopic semiconductor laser theory, we attribute the origin to carrier-photon correlations that give rise to non-Markovian effects in the emission dynamics that are not captured by laser rate-equation theories. Our results have direct implications with respect to the modulation response, repetition rate, noise characteristics, and coherence properties of nanolasers for device applications.
TL;DR: This work numerically investigates the farfield emission and thermal load in optically pumped spasers with a coupled electromagnetic/thermal model, including additional temperature discontinuities due to interfacial Kapitza resistance.
Abstract: Spasers and nanolasers produce a significant amount of heat, which impedes their realizability. We numerically investigate the farfield emission and thermal load in optically pumped spasers with a coupled electromagnetic/thermal model, including additional temperature discontinuities due to interfacial Kapitza resistance. This approach allows to explore multiple combinations of constitutive materials suitable for robust manufacturable spasers. Three main channels of heat generation are quantified: metal absorption at pumping and spasing wavelengths and nonradiative relaxations in the gain material. Out-radiated power becomes comparable with absorption for spasers of realistic dimensions. Two optimized spaser configurations emitting light near 520 nm are compared in detail: a prolate metal-core/gain-shell and an oblate gain-core/metal-shell. The metal-shell design, which with the increasing size transforms into a metal-clad nanolaser, achieves an internal light-extraction efficiency of 22.4%, and stably op...
09 May 2018
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an overview of results on the physical characterization of the lasing transition in currently available, electrically-pumped VCSEL devices, showing how the latter contribute to the understanding of the evolution of laser physics as the cavity volume is reduced thanks to favourable conditions: sufficient photon flux for a complete characterization with current instrumentation, coupled to physical characteristics which already approach those of nanodevices.
Abstract: The laser's threshold properties gradually evolve from the macroscopic to the nanoscopic scale through the mesoscale, whose best examples are the Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs). We show how the latter contribute to the understanding of the evolution of laser physics as the cavity volume is reduced thanks to favourable conditions: sufficient photon flux for a complete characterization with current instrumentation, coupled to physical characteristics which already approach those of nanodevices. A further reduction in cavity volume is nowadays possible in VCSELs, bringing within reach the nanoscale on the basis of mature technology. This will speed up both the fundamental investigations on the physics of nanolasers and open up the field for shorter-term applications in terms of nanosources- e.g., for optical chips- thanks to the possibility of coupling the VCSEL output into waveguides. Finally, we present an overview of results we have obtained on the physical characterization of the lasing transition in currently available, electrically-pumped VCSEL devices.
10 Apr 2018
TL;DR: In this paper, a nanolaser design that overcomes the performance degradation of plasmonic crystal-based nanolasers and increases the emission intensity significantly was proposed, where a nanometer-thick gain medium has a one-dimensional photonic crystal on one side and a metal nanohole array on the other side.
Abstract: In recent years, nanolasers based on plasmonic crystal nanocavity structures have attracted significant interest. However, the performance of such lasers is affected significantly by the coupling of the lasing emission to both reflection and transmission sides of the device and to multiple spatial modes in the far field due to higher-order diffraction from plasmonic crystals as well. In this work, we propose a nanolaser design that overcomes the performance degradation of plasmonic crystal based nanolasers and increases the emission intensity significantly. In the proposed nanolaser structure, a nanometer-thick gain medium has a one-dimensional photonic crystal on one side and a metal nanohole array on the other side. An incident pump pulse through the one-dimensional photonic crystal excites optical Tamm states at the metal-gain medium interface that are amplified by the stimulated emission of the gain medium. We find that the intensity of the extraordinary optical transmission through the metal nanohole array increases significantly due to the excitation of optical Tamm states with wavevector perpendicular to the nanohole array surface. We also find that the subwavelength periodicity in the nanohole array confines the lasing emission to the zero-th order mode only, and hence, makes the far-field pattern highly directional. Moreover, the laser emission wavelength can be tuned over a broad range by changing the thicknesses of the photonic crystal layers, gain medium, and in real-time, by changing the angle of incidence of the pump pulse.
TL;DR: In this paper, the optical and thermal properties of an electrically pumped semiconductor nanolaser (SNL) having an GaN/(InGaN/GaN MQWs)/GaN core shell structure were investigated.
Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive theoretical study of the optical and thermal properties of an electrically pumped semiconductor nanolaser (SNL) having an GaN/(InGaN/GaN MQWs)/GaN core shell structure Numerical results show that the lasing whispering-gallery mode has a threshold gain of 413 cm $^{-1}$ Furthermore, it is shown that when it is operated well-above threshold, the device temperature increases by only 22 K above an ambient temperature of 300 K These promising results are attributed to the strong mode confinement in the active region and the good thermal properties of the material system of the proposed structure The results presented in this paper offer guidelines for fabrication of electrically pumped room temperature continuous wave SNL operating in the visible spectral region
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors systematically characterize the lasing properties of plasmonic nanolasers in spatial, momentum, and frequency spaces simultaneously via leakage radiation microscopy and demonstrate a method to identify the exact lasing modes in a multimode PLASMIC nanolaser.
Abstract: Plasmonic nanolasers are a new class of laser device where surface plasmons are amplified by the stimulated emission in a plasmonic nanocavity. In contrast to conventional lasers, the physical size and the mode volume of plasmonic nanolasers can shrink beyond the optical diffraction limit. The strongly confined optical field leads to high performance of plasmonic nanolasers including ultrafast modulation speed and ultralow power consumption, while on another hand introduces challenges in characterizing their basic lasing properties. In this paper, we systematically characterize the lasing properties of plasmonic nanolasers in spatial, momentum, and frequency spaces simultaneously via leakage radiation microscopy and demonstrate a method to identify the exact lasing modes in a multimode plasmonic nanolaser. This paper advances the understanding of lasing emission behavior in plasmonic nanolasers and paves the way for intentionally manipulating their emission for various applications of on-chip nanophotonic circuits, nonlinear nanophotonics, sensing, and imaging.
TL;DR: This work proposes to mimic a plasmonic nanolaser via selective scattering off the evanescent tail of a lasing photonic nanobelt using a single silver nanorod (24 nm × 223 nm) that acts as an optical antenna that selectively extracts the near-field component along the rod axis.
Abstract: Plasmonic nanolasers have attracted significant attention owing to their ability to generate a coherent optical field in the deep subwavelength region, and they exhibit promising applications in integrated photonics, bioimaging and sensing. However, the demonstration of lasing in individual metallic nanoparticles with 3D subwavelength confinement represents a significant challenge and is yet to be realized. Herein, we propose to mimic a plasmonic nanolaser via selective scattering off the evanescent tail of a lasing photonic nanobelt using a single silver nanorod (24 nm × 223 nm). The nanorod acts as an optical antenna that selectively extracts the near-field component along the rod axis. The light output from the silver nanorod mimics the emission of a plasmonic nanolaser in its localized near-field and polarization dependence, except for the lasing wavelength and linewidth, which are inherited from the photonic laser. The realization of localized coherent light sources provides promising nanoscale lighting that shows potential in background-suppressed illumination, biosensing and imaging.
TL;DR: In this article, a new integrated graphene surface plasmon polariton (SPP) waveguide is designed using the bottom and top roles of graphene, and a T waveguide structure is designed by InGaAs of semiconductor gain, with rectangular GaAs material on both sides.
Abstract: Semiconductor surface plasmon polariton (SPP) waveguide has unique optical properties and compatibility with existing integrated circuit manufacturing technology; thus, SPP devices of semiconductor materials have wide application potential. In this study, a new integrated graphene SPP waveguide is designed using the bottom and top roles of graphene. Moreover, a T waveguide structure is designed by InGaAs of semiconductor gain, with rectangular GaAs material on both sides. The structure adopts light to stimulate the SPP, where its local area is enhanced by the interaction between two interface layers and a semiconductor gain and where its frequency can be adjusted by the thickness of the graphene. Characteristic analysis reveals the coupling between the T semiconductor gain and the SPP mode. The propagation distance of the waveguide can reach 75 cm, the effective mode field is approximately 0.0951λ
2, the minimum of gain threshold is approximately 2992.7 cm−1, and the quality factor (FOM) can reach 180. The waveguide structure which provides stronger localization can be compatible with several optical and electronic nanoscale components. That means, it can provide light for surface plasmon circuit and also can provide a great development in the low-threshold nanolaser.
01 Jan 2018
TL;DR: In this article, the basic principles and concepts of photonic crystal nanolasers, starting from the core principles for designing up to the analysis of specific nanolaser solutions are revisited.
Abstract: Photonic crystal nanolasers on silicon are approaching a point of maturity and seem ready for the leap to the application level In this chapter, we revisit the basic principles and concepts of photonic crystal nanolasers, starting from the core principles for designing up to the analysis of specific nanolaser solutions The targets for the development of enhanced future photonic crystal nanolaser solutions are defined Optically and electrically pumped photonic crystal nanolaser structures are presented and the transition between them is discussed Finally, the chapter concludes with the presentation of alternative uses of the analyzed technologies for applications such as optical memories