다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

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It is important that the medical profession play a significant role in critically evaluating the use of diagnostic procedures and therapies as they are introduced in the detection, management,

/pdf/acc-aha-2006-guidelines-for-the-management-of-patients-with-27qfh9fc7i.pdf

ACC/AHA 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease

Interleukin-10 (IL-10), first recognized for its ability to inhibit activation and effector function of T cells, monocytes, and macrophages, is a multifunctional cytokine with diverse effects on most hemopoietic cell types. The principal routine function of IL-10 appears to be to limit and ultimately terminate inflammatory responses. In addition to these activities, IL-10 regulates growth and/or differentiation of B cells, NK cells, cytotoxic and helper T cells, mast cells, granulocytes, dendritic cells, keratinocytes, and endothelial cells. IL-10 plays a key role in differentiation and function of a newly appreciated type of T cell, the T regulatory cell, which may figure prominently in control of immune responses and tolerance in vivo. Uniquely among hemopoietic cytokines, IL-10 has closely related homologs in several virus genomes, which testify to its crucial role in regulating immune and inflammatory responses. This review highlights findings that have advanced our understanding of IL-10 and its receptor, as well as its in vivo function in health and disease.

Interleukin-10 and the interleukin-10 receptor.

Prospective Cohort Study

Expert Panel Report 2: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma

Activation of T-lymphocytes by antigen, mitogenic lectins, or antibodies against the T-cell receptor complex, particularly in the presence of IL1, induces the secretion of the T-cell growth factor IL2. IL2 then has a major role in regulating the duration and magnitude of the immune response. Interaction of antigen, antibodies against the T-cell receptor complex, or mitogenic lectins with T-lymphocytes also induces hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids, leading to the production of diacylglycerol, an activator of the Ca2+- and phospholipid-dependent phosphotransferase, protein kinase C (PKC). Phorbol esters, potent activators of PKC, augment secretion of the T-cell growth factor, interleukin 2 (IL2). Activation of PKC may therefore serve as an important early event in the production and secretion of IL2. We have determined whether IL2 secretion can be induced in the murine cell T-lymphocyte line LBRM 331A5, where PKC is inhibited by staurosporine or sphingosine or in cells where PKC is depleted by prolonged incubation with high concentrations of phorbol esters. In cells in which PKC was either inhibited or depleted, antibodies against the T3 portion of the T-cell receptor complex and the mitogenic lectin phytohemagglutinin (PHA) still triggered IL2 secretion. In addition, the monokine IL1 augmented this IL2 secretion irrespective of whether PKC was inhibited or depleted. These data indicate that activation of PKC is not an obligatory step for IL2 secretion in LBRM 331A5 murine T-lymphocytes.

Role of protein kinase C in interleukin 1, anti-T3, and mitogenic lectin-induced interleukin 2 secretion.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1524-4733.2005.00040.x

Cost Savings from Intravenous Immunoglobulin Manufactured from Chromotography/Caprylate (IGIV-C) in Persons with Primary Humoral Immunodeficiency Disorder

Background: Functional differentiation of B lymphocytes can be regulated at different levels. Such B-cell responses, to a large extent, are under the control of T cells and the release of soluble factors from these cells. Crosslinking of B-cell antigen receptors also can direct B-cell differentiation, although the mechanisms are not well defined and the effects on specific antibody production have not been examined. Objective: This study was conducted to determine whether crosslinking of the B-cell antigen receptor by antigen or antibody to the B-cell receptor could modulate specific antibody production, especially IgE production. Methods: Antigen-specific human B cells were isolated and incubated with antigen or antibody to the B-cell antigen receptor. Specific antibody production was examined, as were surface isotype expression and levels of Ig heavy chain mRNA in T cell–independent cultures. Results: The addition of antigen or anti-IgM antibody enhanced IgM and IgG antibody production in the presence of anti-CD40 and IL-4 but downregulated IgE synthesis. These changes in isotope production paralleled changes in the frequencies of surface Ig + B cells and Ig mRNA levels. Exogenous IL-6 abolished the antigen-mediated downregulation of IgE production. Conclusions: These studies indicate that signals delivered by means of the B-cell antigen receptor regulate antibody production in a distinct manner, resulting in enhanced IgM and IgG responses but leading to the inhibition of IgE production. Endogenous IL-6 production by B cells may counter the negative regulatory effects of antigen on IgE synthesis. We suggest that although antigen-mediated T/B-cell interactions play a major role in IgM- and IgG-specific antibody production, antigen-independent interactions may be more effective for T-cell dependent, IL-4–induced IgE production by antigen-specific B cells. Furthermore, these findings provide a basis for further understanding of allergic responses and modulation by immunotherapy, where repeated exposure to large concentrations of allergen, administered by means of injection, enhance IgG responses and downregulate IgE synthesis. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103:341-8.)

Engagement of the B-cell antigen receptor by antigen negatively regulates IgE production by antigen-specific B cells

Dissociation of EBV Genome Replication and Host Cell Proliferation in Anti-IgG-Stimulated Akata Cells

Separation of lymphoid and myeloid blasts in the mixed blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia: no evidence for Ig gene rearrangement in CALLA-positive blasts

Erwin W. Gelfand

Papers

Role of protein kinase C in interleukin 1, anti-T3, and mitogenic lectin-induced interleukin 2 secretion.

Cost Savings from Intravenous Immunoglobulin Manufactured from Chromotography/Caprylate (IGIV-C) in Persons with Primary Humoral Immunodeficiency Disorder

Engagement of the B-cell antigen receptor by antigen negatively regulates IgE production by antigen-specific B cells

Dissociation of EBV Genome Replication and Host Cell Proliferation in Anti-IgG-Stimulated Akata Cells

Separation of lymphoid and myeloid blasts in the mixed blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia: no evidence for Ig gene rearrangement in CALLA-positive blasts