다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

PREAMBLE......e4

APPENDIX 1......e121

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It is important that the medical profession play a significant role in critically evaluating the use of diagnostic procedures and therapies as they are introduced in the detection, management,

/pdf/acc-aha-2006-guidelines-for-the-management-of-patients-with-27qfh9fc7i.pdf

ACC/AHA 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease

Interleukin-10 (IL-10), first recognized for its ability to inhibit activation and effector function of T cells, monocytes, and macrophages, is a multifunctional cytokine with diverse effects on most hemopoietic cell types. The principal routine function of IL-10 appears to be to limit and ultimately terminate inflammatory responses. In addition to these activities, IL-10 regulates growth and/or differentiation of B cells, NK cells, cytotoxic and helper T cells, mast cells, granulocytes, dendritic cells, keratinocytes, and endothelial cells. IL-10 plays a key role in differentiation and function of a newly appreciated type of T cell, the T regulatory cell, which may figure prominently in control of immune responses and tolerance in vivo. Uniquely among hemopoietic cytokines, IL-10 has closely related homologs in several virus genomes, which testify to its crucial role in regulating immune and inflammatory responses. This review highlights findings that have advanced our understanding of IL-10 and its receptor, as well as its in vivo function in health and disease.

Interleukin-10 and the interleukin-10 receptor.

Prospective Cohort Study

Expert Panel Report 2: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma

The invention relates to methods of treating patients with bronchial asthma with a pirfenidone analog.

Pifenidone derivatives for treating bronchial asthma

Publisher Summary Amiloride-sensitive Na + -H + exchange activity has been detected in the plasma membrane of virtually all mammalian cell types studied to date. The exchanger, or antiport, catalyzes the electroneutral counter transport of Na + for H + . Though the mechanism is reversible, entry of Na + in exchange for intracellular H + is the predominant transport mode under physiological conditions. This net extrusion of acid equivalents tends to offset the spontaneous tendency of the cells to become acidic, which results from metabolic acid production and from the electrodiffusive accumulation of H + (or depletion of OH - ) driven by the internally negative plasma membrane potential. The Na + -H + antiport is virtually quiescent at physiological cytosolic pH (pH i ), but is markedly activated when the cytoplasm becomes acidic. Such behavior, together with the direction of net acid transport, suggests that the antiport plays an important role in the regulation of pH i in resting (nonproliferating) cells. In addition to being activated by cytosolic acidification, the antiport can also be stimulated without prior pH i change by the addition of mitogenic or comitogenic agents such as growth factors and phorbol esters, respectively.

Chapter 16 Activation of Sodium—Hydrogen Exchange by Mitogens

Heterogeneity of non-T, non-B acute lymphocytic leukemia defined by the quantitative expression of Ia and common all antigens

Publisher Summary Stimuli of very diverse nature cause increases in [Ca 2+ ] i in both T and B lymphocytes, and these increases in turn presumably give rise to a wide spectrum of cellular effects. Control mechanisms for [Ca 2+ ] i are located both in the plasma membrane and within the cells. Changes in [Ca 2+ ] i , in both types of lymphocytes, arise from a combination of internal store release and Ca 2+ uptake across the plasma membrane. Alteration in Ca 2+ efflux does not appear to play a role in the net increases in [Ca 2+ ] i . In both T and B cells, release from internal stores is easily dissociated from Ca 2+ uptake. Unlike excitable cells, Ca 2+ is not transported through voltage-gated channels in lymphocytes. Instead, in both T and B cells, ligand-gated Ca 2+ -selective and conductive channels appear to be operative with membrane depolarization inhibiting ligand-induced entry of Ca 2+ . Changes in [Ca 2+ ] i appear to be essential for some responses, contributory to some and irrelevant to others. The connection of changes in [Ca 2+ ] I , especially due to Ca 2+ uptake and receptor-activated phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis, is not entirely clear in many situations.

Chapter 7 Cytosolic Calcium Changes during T- and B-Lymphocyte Activation: Biological Consequences and Significance

Heat shock proteins (HSPs), produced in response to stress, are suppressive in disease models. We previously showed that Mycobacterium leprae HSP65 prevented development of airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in mice. Our goal in this study was to define the mechanism responsible for the suppressive effects of HSP. In one in vivo approach, BALB/c mice were sensitized to OVA, followed by primary OVA challenges. Several weeks later, HSP65 was administered prior to a single, provocative secondary challenge. In a second in vivo approach, the secondary challenge was replaced by intratracheal instillation of allergen-pulsed bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). The in vitro effects of HSP65 on BMDCs were examined in coculture experiments with CD4(+) T cells. In vivo, HSP65 prevented the development of airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. Additionally, Th1 cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were increased. In vitro, HSP65 induced Notch receptor ligand Delta1 expression on BMDCs, and HSP65-treated BMDCs skewed CD4(+) T cells to Th1 cytokine production. Thus, HSP65-induced effects on allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation were associated with increased Delta1 expression on dendritic cells, modulation of dendritic cell function, and CD4(+) Th1 cytokine production.

/pdf/microbial-heat-shock-protein-65-attenuates-airway-4vtqubwhcq.pdf

Erwin W. Gelfand

Papers

Pifenidone derivatives for treating bronchial asthma

Chapter 16 Activation of Sodium—Hydrogen Exchange by Mitogens

Heterogeneity of non-T, non-B acute lymphocytic leukemia defined by the quantitative expression of Ia and common all antigens

Chapter 7 Cytosolic Calcium Changes during T- and B-Lymphocyte Activation: Biological Consequences and Significance

Microbial Heat Shock Protein 65 Attenuates Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Inflammation by Modulating the Function of Dendritic Cells