다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

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APPENDIX 1......e121

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It is important that the medical profession play a significant role in critically evaluating the use of diagnostic procedures and therapies as they are introduced in the detection, management,

/pdf/acc-aha-2006-guidelines-for-the-management-of-patients-with-27qfh9fc7i.pdf

ACC/AHA 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease

Interleukin-10 (IL-10), first recognized for its ability to inhibit activation and effector function of T cells, monocytes, and macrophages, is a multifunctional cytokine with diverse effects on most hemopoietic cell types. The principal routine function of IL-10 appears to be to limit and ultimately terminate inflammatory responses. In addition to these activities, IL-10 regulates growth and/or differentiation of B cells, NK cells, cytotoxic and helper T cells, mast cells, granulocytes, dendritic cells, keratinocytes, and endothelial cells. IL-10 plays a key role in differentiation and function of a newly appreciated type of T cell, the T regulatory cell, which may figure prominently in control of immune responses and tolerance in vivo. Uniquely among hemopoietic cytokines, IL-10 has closely related homologs in several virus genomes, which testify to its crucial role in regulating immune and inflammatory responses. This review highlights findings that have advanced our understanding of IL-10 and its receptor, as well as its in vivo function in health and disease.

Interleukin-10 and the interleukin-10 receptor.

Prospective Cohort Study

Expert Panel Report 2: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma

Ethanol reportedly is immunosuppressive, interfering with lymphocyte proliferation. To investigate the basis for this immunosuppression, the effects of acute treatment with ethanol were studied on Ca2+ mobilization in tonsillar B lymphocytes and the human lymphoblastoid B-cell line, Ramos. The level of intracellular Ca2+ was monitored in cells loaded with the fluorescent dye indo-1 following stimulation with either anti-lgM antibody or platelet activating factor. The effect of ethanol was also examined on the induction of the early proto-oncogene c-fos in these cells. Ethanol inhibited ligand-activated Ca2+ mobilization due to transmembrane influx but not intracellular store release, in a dose-and time-dependent manner. This inhibition was not due to the inability of anti-lgM to bind to its surface receptor nor to membrane depolarization induced by ethanol. Ethanol also inhibited the Ca2+-dependent induction by anti-lgM of c-fos in these cells. The inhibitory effects of ethanol on ligand-activated Ca2+ channels and subsequent induction of c-fos may provide the basis for its immunosuppressive action. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Ethanol inhibits ligand‐activated Ca2+ channels in human B lymphocytes

Immunoglobulin (Ultravenous, IGIV) is now used in a variety of immune-mediated diseases. Its presumed mechanism of action involves both anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. A number of dermatologic conditions are believed to be immune mediated and in these disorders, IGIV has shown benefit in reducing symptoms and the need for cortecosteroids or cytotaxic drugs. In many of these diseases, the initial benefits seen in open-labeled trials must be confirmed in controlled clinical trials.

Use of IGIV in the treatment of immune-mediated dermatologic disorders.

We identified in an adult with ectodermal dysplasia and immunodeficiency a germline, gain-of-function mutation, K171R, in IKBKB. The K171R mouse immunologic phenotype parallels human, suggesting IKBKB K171R underlies a novel immunodeficiency syndrome.

Heterozygous IKKβ activation loop mutation results in a complex immunodeficiency syndrome.

Purine and pyrimidine metabolism was compared in erythrocytes from three patients from two families with purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency and T-cell immunodeficiency, one heterozygote subject for this enzyme deficiency, one patient with a complete deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase, and two normal subjects. The erythrocytes from the heterozygote subject were indistinguishable from the normal erythrocytes. The purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficient erythrocytes had a block in the conversion of inosine to hypoxanthine. The erythrocytes with 0.07% of normal purine nucleoside phosphorylase activity resembled erythrocytes with hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency by having an elevated intracellular concentration of PP-ribose-P, increased synthesis of PP-ribose-P, and an elevated rate of carbon dioxide release from orotic acid during its conversion to UMP. Two hypotheses to account for the associated immunodeficiency—that the enzyme deficiency leads to a block of PP-ribose-P synthesis or inhibition of pyrimidine synthesis—could not be supported by observations in erythrocytes from both enzyme-deficient families.

/pdf/altered-purine-and-pyrimidine-metabolism-in-erythrocytes-1nrnduurfa.pdf

Erwin W. Gelfand

Papers

Ethanol inhibits ligand‐activated Ca2+ channels in human B lymphocytes

Use of IGIV in the treatment of immune-mediated dermatologic disorders.

Heterozygous IKKβ activation loop mutation results in a complex immunodeficiency syndrome.

Altered Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism in Erythrocytes with Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency

Coding-region alterations in BTK do not universally cause X-linked agammaglobulinemia.