Michelle R. Embry

TL;DR: The goal was to review the state of the science regarding the investigation of fish embryonic tests, pain and distress in fish, emerging approaches utilizing fish embryos, and the use of fish embryo toxicity test data in various types of environmental assessments.

TL;DR: An overview on current regulations of chemicals and the requirements for animal tests in environmental hazard and risk assessment is provided and the potential areas for alternative approaches to animal tests using vertebrates in environmental toxicology are highlighted.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identified 90 studies on mixtures and identified synergism in mammalian test systems, with emphasis on studies performed at doses close to the points of departure (PODs) for individual chemicals.

TL;DR: The RISK21 integrated evaluation strategy is a problem formulation-based exposure-driven risk assessment roadmap that takes advantage of existing information to graphically represent the intersection of exposure and toxicity data on a highly visual matrix.

TL;DR: This paper provides a brief overview of the tiered RISK21 framework called the roadmap and risk visualization matrix, and articulates the core principles derived by RISk21 participants that guided its development.