抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

The 11th edition of Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine welcomes Anthony Fauci to its editorial staff, in addition to more than 85 new contributors. While the organization of the book is similar to previous editions, major emphasis has been placed on disorders that affect multiple organ systems. Important advances in genetics, immunology, and oncology are emphasized. Many chapters of the book have been rewritten and describe major advances in internal medicine. Subjects that received only a paragraph or two of attention in previous editions are now covered in entire chapters. Among the chapters that have been extensively revised are the chapters on infections in the compromised host, on skin rashes in infections, on many of the viral infections, including cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus, on sexually transmitted diseases, on diabetes mellitus, on disorders of bone and mineral metabolism, and on lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. The major revisions in these chapters and many

Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine

Synthesis and surface engineering of iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications

Rapid growth in nanotechnology is increasing the likelihood of engineered nanomaterials coming into contact with humans and the environment. Nanoparticles interacting with proteins, membranes, cells, DNA and organelles establish a series of nanoparticle/biological interfaces that depend on colloidal forces as well as dynamic biophysicochemical interactions. These interactions lead to the formation of protein coronas, particle wrapping, intracellular uptake and biocatalytic processes that could have biocompatible or bioadverse outcomes. For their part, the biomolecules may induce phase transformations, free energy releases, restructuring and dissolution at the nanomaterial surface. Probing these various interfaces allows the development of predictive relationships between structure and activity that are determined by nanomaterial properties such as size, shape, surface chemistry, roughness and surface coatings. This knowledge is important from the perspective of safe use of nanomaterials.

Understanding biophysicochemical interactions at the nano–bio interface

Friedel-Crafts Cross-Linking Methods for Polystyrene Modification. 3. Preparation and Swelling Characteristics of Cross-Linked Particles

Etude a 25°C du transport de chlorure de methylene dans le copolymere methacrylate d'hydroxy-2 ethyle/N-vinylpyrrolidone

Anomalous penetrant transport in glassy polymers - III. Use of Raman spectroscopy to study penetrant transport

Autoimmune diseases are a group of debilitating illnesses that are often idiopathic in nature. The steady rise in the prevalence of these conditions warrants new approaches for diagnosis and treatment. Stimuli-responsive biomaterials also known as "smart", "intelligent" or "recognitive" biomaterials are widely studied for their applications in drug delivery, biosensing and tissue engineering due to their ability to produce thermal, optical, chemical, or structural changes upon interacting with the biological environment. This critical analysis highlights studies within the last decade that harness the recognitive capabilities of these biomaterials towards the development of novel detection and treatment options for autoimmune diseases.

Recent Advances in Smart Biomaterials for the Detection and Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases

Crosslinked polystyrene particles were prepared by Friedel–Crafts suspension crosslinking of polystyrene using 2,4-dichloromethyl-2,5-dimethyl benzene as crosslinking agent. The polymer was dissolved in nitrobenzene and reaction occurred in a 70 wt % aqueous solution of ZnCl2 with poly(vinyl alcohol) as a suspending agent. The spherical particles produced were swollen in toluene, chloroform, and tetrahydrofuran to determine their equilbrium polystyrene volume fraction. Analysis of the crosslinked macromolecular structure gave values of number-average molecular weight between crosslinks of Mc = 900–5900 increasing as the nominal crosslinking ratio X decreased from 0.75 to 0.0625 mol of crosslinking agent per mole of polystyrene repeating unit. Porosimetric analysis contributed to the understanding of the importance of the pore structure for swelling behavior.

Nicholas A. Peppas

Papers

Friedel-Crafts Cross-Linking Methods for Polystyrene Modification. 3. Preparation and Swelling Characteristics of Cross-Linked Particles

Anomalous penetrant transport in glassy polymers - III. Use of Raman spectroscopy to study penetrant transport

Recent Advances in Smart Biomaterials for the Detection and Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases

Friedel–crafts crosslinking methods for polystyrene modification. IV. Macromolecular structure of crosslinked particles

Drug Delivery Biomaterials