다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Examination of nature's favorite molecules reveals a striking preference for making carbon-heteroatom bonds over carbon-carbon bonds-surely no surprise given that carbon dioxide is nature's starting material and that most reactions are performed in water. Nucleic acids, proteins, and polysaccharides are condensation polymers of small subunits stitched together by carbon-heteroatom bonds. Even the 35 or so building blocks from which these crucial molecules are made each contain, at most, six contiguous C-C bonds, except for the three aromatic amino acids. Taking our cue from nature's approach, we address here the development of a set of powerful, highly reliable, and selective reactions for the rapid synthesis of useful new compounds and combinatorial libraries through heteroatom links (C-X-C), an approach we call "click chemistry". Click chemistry is at once defined, enabled, and constrained by a handful of nearly perfect "spring-loaded" reactions. The stringent criteria for a process to earn click chemistry status are described along with examples of the molecular frameworks that are easily made using this spartan, but powerful, synthetic strategy.

https://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/1521-3773%2820010601%2940%3A11%3C2004%3A%3AAID-ANIE2004%3E3.0.CO%3B2-5

Click Chemistry: Diverse Chemical Function from a Few Good Reactions.

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2019/NP/C8NP00092A

Marine natural products.

CA : A Cancer Journal for Clinicians

Unmitigated UV radiation (UVR) induces skin photoaging and multiple forms of cutaneous carcinoma by complex pathways that include those mediated by UV-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Upon UVR exposure, a cascade of events is induced that overwhelms the skin's natural antioxidant defenses and results in DNA damage, intracellular lipid and protein peroxidation, and the dysregulation of pathways that modulate inflammatory and apoptotic responses. To this end, natural products with potent antioxidant properties have been developed to prevent, mitigate, or reverse this damage with varying degrees of success. Mitochondria are particularly susceptible to ROS and subsequent DNA damage as they are a major intracellular source of oxidants. Therefore, the development of mitochondrially targeted agents to mitigate mitochondrial oxidative stress and resulting DNA damage is a logical approach to prevent and treat UV-induced skin damage. We summarize evidence that some existing natural products may reduce mitochondrial oxidative stress and support for synthetically generated mitochondrial targeted cyclic nitroxides as potential alternatives for the prevention and mitigation of UVR-induced skin damage.

/pdf/targeting-mitochondrial-oxidative-stress-to-mitigate-uv-2rzm34k35t.pdf

Targeting Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress to Mitigate UV-Induced Skin Damage.

Synthesis of oxazines and thiazines by cyclodehydration of hydroxy amides and thioamides

The selection of rhodium precatalyst and phosphine ligand determines the course of the cycloisomerization of N-allylated bicyclo[1.1.0]butylalkylamines. Cyclopropane-fused pyrrolidines and azepines are obtained with high levels of stereo- and regiocontrol. Novel azatricyclo[6.1.0.0(1,5)]nonanes are the result of a tandem cycloisomerization-ring closing metathesis sequence. Allylic ethers lead to furans and oxepanes.

Rhodium(I)-catalyzed cycloisomerizations of bicyclobutanes.

A combinatorial library of oxazolines and thiazolines was synthesized in moderate to excellent yields using a newly developed methodology. Free carboxylic acids were directly condensed with amino alcohols and aminothiols in the presence of 3-nitrophenylboronic acid as a dehydration catalyst. The library synthesis illustrates the scope of this process: After traditional reaction optimization, a total of 17 oxazolines and 6 thiazolines were successfully prepared in a 24-reaction setup in a Radleys GreenHouse parallel synthesizer. The yields of the parallel reactions ranged from moderate to excellent, depending largely on carboxylate reactivity and functionalization, and generally exceeded those of the traditional reaction setup. The target compounds were isolated in high purities (average purity is 96% according to GC analysis) after passing reaction mixtures through short PrepSep SPE Florisil cartridges.

Peter Wipf

Papers

Targeting Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress to Mitigate UV-Induced Skin Damage.

Synthesis of oxazines and thiazines by cyclodehydration of hydroxy amides and thioamides

Rhodium(I)-catalyzed cycloisomerizations of bicyclobutanes.

Parallel Synthesis of Oxazolines and Thiazolines by Tandem Condensation-Cyclodehydration of Carboxylic Acids With Amino Alcohols and Aminothiols.

Three-Component Aldimine Addition−Cyclopropanation. An Efficient New Methodology for Amino Cyclopropane Synthesis