Abdou Moumouni University

About: Abdou Moumouni University is a education organization based out in Niamey, Niamey, Niger. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Agriculture. The organization has 796 authors who have published 808 publications receiving 17478 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Niamey & Abdou Moumouni Dioffo University.

Assessment of Agro-morphological Performances of 56 Accessions of Pennisetum glaucum with Grain and Fodder Potentials in Niger

Abstract: Morphological characterization is the first step in studying the genetic diversity of cultivated plants. The present study examined agro-morphological performance of the pearl millet local accessions collected across the Niger country, aimed to: (a) characterize, (b) discriminate morphologically the pearl millet accessions groups and (c) identify the pearl millet genotypes with promising grain and fodder potential. Fifty-six pearl millet accessions collected in the eight Niger regions (Agadez, Diffa, Dosso, Niamey, Tahoua, Tillabery and Zinder) were evaluated in an Alpha lattice design with 3 replicates in Djirataoua and Kollo localities. Twenty-five specific agro-morphological descriptors were used for this purpose. The data set was submitted to descriptive analyses and indicated wide significant accessions diversity. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed 5 phenotypic groups, and principal component analysis showed 3 components representing 60.45% of total variability. Canonical discriminant analysis indicated 20 major traits of the discriminated phenotypic groups. Group G1 holds early accessions, with average performances in grain production and low performances in biomass production. Group G2 holds early accessions, with good performances for grain production and fodder biomass. Group G3 holds early–late accessions with good grain performances and low fodder performances. G4 holds both early and late accessions with good fodder performance and good grain performance. Finally, G5 includes both late accessions with better fodder performances and bad grain performances. These groups can be used as parents in the creation of improved varieties for better grain and fodder production performance. Otherwise, Djirataoua would be ideal for the tested accessions to express their agro-morphological potentials.

Climate change effects on beerding practices and adaptation analysis options : Case of the Bouza-Niger zone

Abstract: A study on climate change effect on livestock farmers and their practices was conducted in Bouza (Tahoua) department to better analyze the adaptation options. Sixty (60) breeders were systematically selected, including twenty (20) in Bouza and twenty (20) in two areas closest to Bouza. Environmental and Socio-economic impacts of climate change and adaptation strategies of adaptation of the system of animal productions practiced by the breeders were sought. Almost all of population (90%) surveyed said that rainy seasons are becoming drier in the last twenty (20) years. Reactions of various actors related to precipitation modification made it possible to identify three main climatic risks including drought, late rains and floods. Four main climatic risks were noted, namely decrease in cumulative rainfall, shortening of length of season, rise in temperatures and frequency of floods. Adaptation options mainly concern valorization of forage crops (collection and storage of fodder) and development of water points. Adaptation options mainly concerned with valuation of drilling crops and the development of water points.

Chromatographie Sur Couche Mince Et Activité Antiradicalaire D’extraits De Pupalia Lappacea (L.) Juss. Amaranthaceae

Abstract: Introduction: P lappacea is a plant used in traditional medicine, in the regions of Niamey and Tillaberi, as anti-hemorrhoids It contains tannins, sterols, triterpenes, saponosides, mucilages, anthracene derivatives, oses and holosides for which it is necessary to appreciate the activities relating to the medicinal virtues Objective: To contribute to the phytochemical and pharmacological study of Pupalia lappacea, through the semi-quantitative estimation of phytocomposes and the research of the antiradical power of its various extracts Methodology: Phytochemical screening, semiquantitative estimation and a study of the antioxidant activity of phytocomposites were carried out by thin layer chromatography (TLC) from extracts obtained with increasing polarity solvents Results: All P lappacea extracts contain a large number of bioactive chemical compounds Substances with antihaemorrhoidal activity (phenolic compounds, tannins) are found mainly in the aqueous extracts (digested, decoct exhausted) and the methanolic extract The strongest antiradical activity observed with the digest and the spent decoction after migration in the solvent system Ethyl acetate - Methyl ethyl ketone - Formic acid - Water (5-3-1-1) would be linked to phenolic compounds A less severe free radical activity, probably due to terpenic substances, was observed with the BAW solvent system (60-15-25) The extract corresponding to the traditional (decocted) use of P lappacea also has low antioxidant activity Conclusion: The use of P lappacea as antihemorrhoid is justified However, the digest and the spent decoction would have greater anti-hemorrhoidal properties than those of the decoction obtained by the traditional method An assay of the phenolic compounds, tannins, terpenic compounds, in the infused, the decoction, the digested and the exhausted decoction would make it possible to choose the best method of extraction and to improve the anti-hemorrhoidal effect of the P lappacea based medicinal preparations

Stabilité Lp exponentielle d’un système d’échangeurs thermiques avec diffusion et sans diffusion

Abstract: In this paper we study exponential stability of a heat exchanger system with diffusion and without diffusion in the context of Banach spaces. The heat exchanger system is governed by hyperbolic partial differential equations (PDE) and parabolic PDEs, respectively, according to the diffusion impact ignored or not in the heat exchange. The exponential stability of the model with diffusion in the Banach space (C[0, 1])4 is deduced by establishing the exponential Lp stability of the considered system, and using the sectorial operator theory. The exponential decay rate of stability is also computed for the model with diffusion. Using the perturbation theory, we establish the exponential stability of the model without diffusion in the Banach space (C[0, 1])4 with the uniform topology. However the exponential decay rate of stability without diffusion is not exactly computed, since its associated semigroup is non analytic. Indeed the purpose of our paper is to investigate the exponential stability of a heat exchanger system with diffusion and without diffusion in the real Banach space X1 = (C[0, 1])4 with the uniform norm. The exponential stability of these two models in the Hilbert space X2 = (L2(0, 1))4 has been proved in [31] by using Lyapunov’s direct method. The first step consists to study the stability problem in the real Banach space Xp = (Lp(0, 1))4 equipped with the usual Lp norm, p > 1. By passing to the limit (p ! 1) we can extend some results of exponential stability from Xp = (Lp(0, 1))4 to the space X1 = (C[0, 1])4. In particular the dissipativity of the system in all the Xp spaces implies its dissipativity in X1 (see Lemma 3). The section 1 is dedicated to recall the heat exchanger models. The process with diffusion is governed by a system of parabolic PDEs, and the process without diffusion is described by degenerate hyperbolic PDEs of first order. The section 2 deals with exponential stability of the parabolic system in the Lebesgue spaces Lp(0, 1) , 1 < p < 1. Certain results can be extended to the X1 space. Unfortunately this study doesn’t allow us to deduce the expected stability of the system in X1. In the section 3, the sectorial operator theory is made use of to get exponential stability results on the model with diffusion in Xp. Specifically the theory enables us to determine the exponential decay rate in (C[0, 1])4 by computing the spectrum bound. In the section 4, using a perturbation technique we show the exponential stability for the model without diffusion in all Xp spaces, 1 < p < 1. We then take the limit, as p goes to 1, to deduce the exponential stability of the system in the Banach space X1. We call the diffusion model the heat exchanger model with diffusion taken into account and the convection model the heat exchanger without diffusion, respectively. We use the analyticity property of the semigroup associated to the diffusion model in order to determine its exponential decay rate. However the semigroup associated to the convection model is not analytic. In the latter case we have not yet found an efficient method to compute exactly the exponential decay rate. The main tools we use for our investigations are the notion of dissipativity in the Banach spaces, specifically in the Lp spaces, and the sectorial operator theory. As the reader will see our work presents some extensions of the Lyapunov’s direct method to a context of Banach spaces. We will denote the system operator associated to the diffusion model by Ad,p, and that of the convection model by Ac,p, respectively. The index p indicates the Lp( ) space in which the system evolves and the operator Ad,p or Ac,p is considered. Thus Ad,p (resp. Ac,p) indicates the diffusive (resp. convective) operator in the Xp space.

The joys or misfortunes of love in the courtly epics of Djado Sékou

Abstract: Djado Sekou, a professional storyteller, is one of the most celebrated griots in Niger. He has a predilection for everything that deals with the imaginary and dreams. His audience is fond of love stories, which he considers a superior form of literature. Love in the narratives of Djado Sekou, it is a founding and fundamental theme. The theme of love permeates Niger's courtly epic as the narratives “Labdedjo” by Tinguizi and “Garba Mama” by Djeliba Badjo well exemplify. Djado Sekou is one of the storytellers who have sung the most of love, in particular, the love of men for one woman, Awli Djawando. Along with Lobbo Soga, Takade Walde, Fatumata Bidani and Sipti Diembel, Awli Djawando has entered the pantheon of Niger's celebrated muses. However, if Djado Sekou sings of love, the joy and revival of individuals who experience “dizziness,” it is noteworthy that his songs also often originate from suffering and the misfortunes of love. This essay explores constituting themes Djado Sekou's narrative repertoire: love stories as fairy tales, ecstasy and loss, metamorphosis of places and names and journeys. Keywords : Djado Sekou, courtly epic, love, Niger Tydskrif Vir Letterkunde Vol. 42(2) 2005: 49-65