Abdou Moumouni University

About: Abdou Moumouni University is a education organization based out in Niamey, Niamey, Niger. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Agriculture. The organization has 796 authors who have published 808 publications receiving 17478 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Niamey & Abdou Moumouni Dioffo University.

Gouvernance et stratégies locales de sécurisation foncière : étude de cas de la commune rurale de Tchadoua au Niger

Abstract: Face aux enjeux fonciers croissants, les petits exploitants agricoles ont du mal a s’inserer dans le processus de developpement Au Niger, l’insecurite fonciere est sans doute l’une des difficultes qui limitent l’investissement agricole A partir d’une enquete realisee sur un echantillon de 80 exploitations dans le terroir villageois de Maijanguero dans la commune rurale de Tchadoua, cette etude a revele plusieurs sources d’insecurite fonciere et diverses pratiques de securisation mises en oeuvre par les paysans pour proteger leur capital foncier Les resultats montrent egalement que la formalisation legale cotoie les pratiques traditionnelles de securisation Le taux d’acquisition des titres et actes fonciers est tres faible du fait que les commissions foncieres se heurtent a des difficultes qui entravent l’acquisition massive des outils modernes de securisation Cependant, une pluralite de pratiques a impacts durables limites est observee, notamment la fixation biologique, le recours au serment coranique, le maintien de l’exploitation collective, etc

Genetic Determinants of Tetracycline Resistance in Clinical Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 1 Isolates from Niger.

Abstract: Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 is the first cause of pneumococcal meningitis Niger. To determine the underlying mechanism of resistance to tetracycline in serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae, a collection of 37 isolates recovered from meningitis patients over the period of 2002 to 2009 in Niger were analyzed for drug susceptibility, and whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed for molecular analyses. MIC level was determined for 31/37 (83.8%) isolates and allowed detection of full resistance (MIC = 8 µg) in 24/31 (77.4%) isolates. No resistance was found to macrolides and quinolones. Sequence-types deduced from WGS were ST217 (54.1%), ST303 (35.1%), ST2206 (5.4%), ST2839 (2.7%) and one undetermined ST (2.7%). All tetracycline resistant isolates carried a Tn5253 like element, which was found to be an association of two smaller transposons of Tn916 and Tn5252 families. No tet(O) and tet(Q) genes were detected. However, a tet(M) like sequence was identified in all Tn5253 positive strains and was found associated to Tn916 composite. Only one isolate was phenotypically resistant to chloramphenicol, wherein a chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) gene sequence homologous to catpC194 from the Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pC194 was detected. In conclusion, clinical Streptococcus pneumoniae type 1 isolated during 2002 to 2009 meningitis surveillance in Niger were fully susceptible to macrolides and quinolones but highly resistant to tetracycline (77.4%) through acquisition of a defective Tn5253 like element composed of Tn5252 and Tn916 transposons. Of the 31 tested isolates, only one was exceptionally resistant to chloramphenicol and carried a Tn5253 transposon that contained cat gene sequence.

Panorama of Onion Production in Tillabéri, A Region of the Far West of Niger

Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate onion production systems in four municipalities along the Niger River. A cross-sectional survey was carried out among seventy-five onion producers distributed over ten perimeters. The results obtained reveal that onion is mainly grown by women (95%). 70% of the farmers own the farmed land, 20% rent and 10% borrow. The cultivation takes place between September and March. The cultivated varieties are ‘Galmi violet’ and ‘Gotheye white’, Onions are essentially transformed into Gabou, a traditional condiment. The areas exploited are generally less than half a hectare. Irrigation relies mainly on the gravity system. NPK fertilizer and urea in combination with manure are the most commonly used. For phytosanitary treatments, producers use pesticides and/or natural products based on aqueous extract. At harvest time, the price per 100 kg bag varies from 8 000 to 15 000 FCFA (12 to 23 €) and from 40 000 to 50 000 FCFA (61 to 76 €) after four months of storage. The average production cost per hectare is 1 208 564 FCFA (1844 €) and that of the net margins 551 857 FCFA (840 €). There is a low correlation between strong investments and net margins. The major constraints faced by producers are the high cost of agricultural inputs, the rapid drying up of water points, limited access to credit, the straying of animals, the collapse of prices during the harvest period and the difficulties of farming storage and conservation.