Abdou Moumouni University

About: Abdou Moumouni University is a education organization based out in Niamey, Niamey, Niger. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Agriculture. The organization has 796 authors who have published 808 publications receiving 17478 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Niamey & Abdou Moumouni Dioffo University.

‘Urmitella timonensis’ gen. nov., sp. nov., ‘Blautia marasmi’ sp. nov., ‘Lachnoclostridium pacaense’ sp. nov., ‘Bacillus marasmi’ sp. nov. and ‘Anaerotruncus rubiinfantis’ sp. nov., isolated from stool samples of undernourished African children

Abstract: We report here the main characteristics of five new species 'Urmitella timonensis' strain Marseille-P2918T (CSUR P2918), 'Blautia marasmi' strain Marseille-P2377T (CSUR P2377), 'Lachnoclostridium pacaense' strain Marseille-P3100T (CSUR P3100), 'Bacillus marasmi' strain Marseille-P3556T (CSUR P3556) and 'Anaerotruncus rubiinfantis' strain MT15T (CSUR P2276), which were isolated recently from stool samples taken from undernourished children in Niger and Senegal using microbial culturomics.

Sensitivity and specificity of computer vision classification of eyelid photographs for programmatic trachoma assessment.

Abstract: Author(s): Kim, Matthew C; Okada, Kazunori; Ryner, Alexander M; Amza, Abdou; Tadesse, Zerihun; Cotter, Sun Y; Gaynor, Bruce D; Keenan, Jeremy D; Lietman, Thomas M; Porco, Travis C | Abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS:Trachoma programs base treatment decisions on the community prevalence of the clinical signs of trachoma, assessed by direct examination of the conjunctiva. Automated assessment could be more standardized and more cost-effective. We tested the hypothesis that an automated algorithm could classify eyelid photographs better than chance. METHODS:A total of 1,656 field-collected conjunctival images were obtained from clinical trial participants in Niger and Ethiopia. Images were scored for trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) and trachomatous inflammation-intense (TI) according to the simplified World Health Organization grading system by expert raters. We developed an automated procedure for image enhancement followed by application of a convolutional neural net classifier for TF and separately for TI. One hundred images were selected for testing TF and TI, and these images were not used for training. RESULTS:The agreement score for TF and TI tasks for the automated algorithm relative to expert graders was κ = 0.44 (95% CI: 0.26 to 0.62, P l 0.001) and κ = 0.69 (95% CI: 0.55 to 0.84, P l 0.001), respectively. DISCUSSION:For assessing the clinical signs of trachoma, a convolutional neural net performed well above chance when tested against expert consensus. Further improvements in specificity may render this method suitable for field use.

Molecular detection of respiratory pathogens among children aged younger than 5 years hospitalized with febrile acute respiratory infections: A prospective hospital-based observational study in Niamey, Niger.

Abstract: Background and Aims: In Niger, acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are the second most common cause of death in children aged younger than 5 years. However, the etiology of ARI is poorly understood in the country. This study aims to describe viral and bacterial infections among children aged younger than 5 years hospitalized with febrile ARI at two hospitals in Niamey, Niger's capital city, and the reported clinical procedures. Methods: We conducted a prospective study among children aged younger than 5 years hospitalized with febrile ARI at two national hospitals in Niamey between January and December 2015. Clinical presentation and procedures during admission were documented using a standardized case investigation form. Nasopharyngeal specimens collected from each patient were tested for a panel of respiratory viruses and bacteria using the Fast Track Diagnostic 21 Plus kit. Results: We enrolled and tested 638 children aged younger than 5 years, of whom 411 (64.4%) were aged younger than 1 year, and 15 (2.4%) died during the study period. Overall, 496/638 (77.7%) specimens tested positive for at least one respiratory virus or bacterium; of these, 195 (39.3%) tested positive for respiratory viruses, 126 (25.4%) tested positive for respiratory bacteria, and 175 (35.3%) tested positive for both respiratory viruses and bacteria. The predominant viruses detected were respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (149/638; 23.3%), human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) types 1 to 4 (78/638; 12.2%), human rhinovirus (HRV) (62/638; 9.4%), human adenovirus (HAV) (60/638; 9.4%), and influenza virus (INF) (52/638; 8.1%). Streptococcus pneumoniae (249/638; 39.0%) was the most frequently detected bacterium, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (112/638; 12.2%) and Haemophilus influenzae type B (16/638; 2.5%). Chest X-rays were performed at the discretion of the attending physician on 301 (47.2%) case patients. Of these patients, 231 (76.7%) had abnormal radiological findings. A total of 135/638 (21.2%) and 572/638 (89.7%) children received antibiotic treatment prior to admission and during admission, respectively. Conclusion: A high proportion of respiratory viruses was detected among children aged younger than 5 years with febrile ARI, raising concerns about excessive use of antibiotics in Niger.

Estimates for Solutions of the $\bar{\partial}$ -Equation and Application to the Characterization of the Zero Varieties of the Functions of the Nevanlinna Class for Lineally Convex Domains of Finite Type

Abstract: In the last ten years, the resolution of the equation \(\bar{\partial}u=f\) with sharp estimates has been intensively studied for convex domains of finite type in \(\mathbb{C}^{n}\) by many authors. Generally, they used kernels constructed with holomorphic support function satisfying “good” global estimates. In this paper, we consider the case of lineally convex domains. Unfortunately, the method used to obtain global estimates for the support function cannot be carried out in that case. Then we use a kernel that does not directly give a solution of the \(\bar{\partial}\)-equation, but only a representation formula which allows us to end the resolution of the equation using Kohn’s L2 theory.