Abdou Moumouni University

About: Abdou Moumouni University is a education organization based out in Niamey, Niamey, Niger. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Agriculture. The organization has 796 authors who have published 808 publications receiving 17478 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Niamey & Abdou Moumouni Dioffo University.

Structure et Régénération des Peuplements naturels de Balanites Aegyptiaca (L.) Del. et Ziziphus Mauritiana Lam. suivant un Gradient écologique dans la Région de Maradi au Niger

Abstract: Les especes ligneuses jouent un role important dans la vie des populations locales. Parmi les especes couramment utilisees au Niger figurent Balanites aegyptiaca et Ziziphus mauritiana. Ces deux especes sont exploitees comme sources alimentaires et pour divers produits medicinaux, avec comme consequence une reduction de leurs peuplements. La presente etude vise a analyser la structure des peuplements et les modes de regeneration des deux especes dans deux secteurs agro-ecologiques contrastees de la region de Maradi au centre sud du Niger. Au total, 60 releves ont ete delimites, d’une part dans des formations naturelles dominees par ces especes, et d’autre part dans les systemes agrosylvopastoraux des secteurs sahelien et sahelo-soudanien. Dans chaque placette et sur chaque arbre, le diametre a 1,30 m au rasdu sol , la hauteur totale et deux diametres perpendiculaires de houppier ont ete mesures. L’inventaire de la regeneration a ete effectue dans 5 placeaux. La nature de la regeneration (drageon, marcotte, semis naturel), la hauteur totale et le nombre de tiges de chaque plantule ont ete notes. La densite de B. aegyptiaca ne varie significativement entre sites et entre secteurs. Par contre, la densite de Z. mauritiana varie significativement entre sites et entre secteurs. En effet, le site de Birni Lalle, situe dans le secteur sahelien strict, et le site de Kegil dans le secteur sahelo-soudanien ont les densites les plus elevees de Z. mauritiana avec respectivement 66,4 ± 52,5 et 77,5 ± 61,4 arbres/ha. L’analyse de la distribution des tiges par classe de diametre montre que pour les deux especes, les individus jeunes sont bien representes. Cela suggere une bonne regeneration de ces especes. L’analyse de la densite et nature de regeneration montre que les deux especes se regenerent essentiellement par drageonnage. En reponse au ramassage des fruits pour diverses utilisations, les especes B. aegyptiaca et Z. mauritiana ont developpe des strategies alternatives de propagation en zone sahelienne. Cette aptitude a la propagation vegetative permet aux deux especes de s’adapter en zones arides caracterisees par la secheresse et les hautes temperatures. MOTS CLES : DISTRIBUTION DES ESPECES LIGNEUSES, B. AEGYPTIACA, Z. MAURITIANA, MARADI, NIGER, SAHELO-SOUDANIEN [83] afrika focus — Volume 33, Nr. 1, 2020 — pp. 83-104 RABIOU HABOU, MOUSSA MASSAOUDOU, TOUGIANI ABASSE, MAHAMANE ALI, MAHAMANE LARWANOU & PATRICK VAN DAMME Wood species play an important role in the life of local communities. Among the species commonly used in Niger, are Balanites aegyptiaca and Ziziphus mauritiana. This species are exploited as food sources and as various medicinal products, with a consequent reduction in their populations. The present study aims to analyze the stand structure and the regeneration modes of the two species in two contrasting agro-ecological sectors of the Maradi region in south central Niger. A total of 60 surveys were delineated in natural formations dominated by these species and in agrosilvopastoral system in the Sahelian and Sahelo-Sudanian zones. On each tree, the diameter at 1.30 m from the ground, the total height and two perpendicular tree crown diameters were measured. The inventory of natural regeneration was carried out in 5 plots delineated in each plot. The mode of reproduction of the regeneration (suckers, marcots, natural seedlings) was recorded as well as the total height and the number of stems of each juvenile were. The density of B. aegyptiaca does not vary significantly between sites and between sectors. The Birni Lalle site, located in the strict Sahelian zone, and the Kegil site in the Sahelo-Sudanese sector stand out in terms of Z. mauritiana density with respectively 66.4 ± 52.5 and 77.5 ± 61.4 trees. /Ha. The analysis of the diameter class structure shows that for both species, young individuals are well represented. This suggests strong regeneration among these species. The analysis of the density and nature of regeneration shows that the two species regenerate mainly by suckering. In response to the collection of fruits for various uses by local populations, B. aegyptiaca and Z. mauritiana have developed alternative propagation strategies in the Sahelian zone. This ability to propagate vegetatively allows these two species to adapt to arid areas characterized by drought and high temperatures. KEY WORDS: DISTRIBUTION OF WOODY SPECIES, B. AEGYPTIACA, Z. MAURITIANA, MARADI, NIGER, SAHELO-SUDANESE

Countries with Very Slow or Incipient Fertility Transition

Abstract: Most countries of the world have started their fertility transition, and many of them are already in a post-transitional stage. However, in 10 countries, all located in sub-Saharan Africa, the fertility transitions at the national level can be termed as very slow or even incipient, but in only eight of these countries it is possible to analyze some of the determinants of the still high levels of fertility. One of the objectives of this chapter is to try to assess if an acceleration of the fertility transition can be envisaged or not in the near future in these countries. The fertility transition is underway among urban and educated women, but it is lagging behind among rural women. The last section of this chapter focuses on Niger, where there has been no sign of fertility decline over the past 50 years, and explores what kind of program could be put in place to initiate a fertility transition in this country.

Diagnosis and surgical approach of adult Hirschsprung's disease: About two observations and review of the literature. Case series.

Abstract: Introduction Hirschsprung's disease (HD) is uncommon in adulthood. In this study, we describe the management of two cases of adult Hirschsprung's disease treated with transanal colonic pull-through procedure followed by a delayed coloanal anastomosis. Patients and methods This was a retrospective (December 2016 to Jun 2019) study included two cases of adult HD with confirmed Hirschsprung disease who underwent surgery at Zinder National hospital, Niger. The registration number is researchregistry 5174. Results These were two patients aged 21 years (male) and 22 years (female) admitted to the emergency department with an acute bowel obstruction. The history finds a delayed passage of meconium at birth with a history of long-standing recurrent constipation since early childhood for the 2 patients. A lateral colostomy was performed urgently in both patients and the barium enema revealed a disparity of the sigmoid colon with corn shaped transition zone. Histologic examination of the biopsy specimen confirmed the diagnosis of HD. Surgery was done according to transanal endorectal pull-through procedure followed by delayed coloanal anastomosis. Patients were regularly followed over a period of 16 months. Constipation was gone, no continence problem was reported and quality of life was rated satisfactory. Conclusion The discovery of Hirschsprung's disease is rare in adulthood. Transanal endorectal pull-through procedure followed by delayed coloanal anastomosis with conventional surgery is a suitable option for the treatment of HD and gives a good result.

Risk factors for in-hospital maternal mortality in the region of Maradi, Niger (2008-2010: A retrospective study of 7 regional maternity units.

Abstract: In the Maradi region, despite multiple efforts to reduce maternal mortality the in-hospital maternal mortality ratio (HMMR) remains high. We sought to determine the factors related to maternal mortality in seven maternity units in this region. A retrospective study reviewed records of deliveries from January, 2008, through December, 2010. Data for all maternal deaths were collected. The Chi2 test was used to determine the significance of differences between groups for the different variables. Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05. Data were analyzed with Epi Info© 3.5.1. The in-hospital maternal mortality ratio (HMMR) was 2,512 per 100,000 live births. Women aged 14 to 19 years were most affected, accounting for 27.1 % of deaths. In all, 93 (27.4 %) women died during their pregnancy. Direct obstetric causes accounted for 53.61 % of these deaths, and indirect causes 46.39 %. The bivariate analysis showed that age 14 to19 years (Chi2 = 64.69; P = 0.00000178); great multiparity (Chi2 = 64.69; P = 0.00000124), primiparity (Chi2 = 18.82; P = 0.000016), the third trimester of pregnancy (Chi2 = 10.43; P = 0.0054) were significantly associated with maternal death. It is therefore necessary to strengthen women's awareness about the risks of early pregnancy and the immediate use of health services.

Improvement of the productivity of millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) Intercropped with the Arabic gum tree (Acacia senegal (L.) Willd.) in agroforestry parkland in Niger

Abstract: In Niger, Acacia senegal species is used in agroforestry parklands in association with several cereals including millet. However, the performance of these associations is not optimal since the techniques applied lack expertise. The objective of this work is to promote the intercropping system Acacia senegal - millet to improve millet productivity. We compared millet production in different areas in an agroforestry parkland based on Acacia senegal in a Sahelian agro-ecological zone in Niger. Over two successive rainy seasons, concentric crowns are designed around A. senegal trees. Millet growth and yield parameters are measured on millet plants inside each crown under cover and out of cover of A. senegal canopy. In the second year, the experimentation was completed with some plots of 5 m x 5 m designed in two pure millet fields. Physico-chemical soil characterization of both cropping systems was also performed in the second year of the trial. The results of this study showed that growth and yield parameters are higher out of cover than under cover of A. senegal. However, these parameters are higher in the whole parkland compared to the pure millet culture system. The levels of mineral elements such as carbon and nitrogen are higher in the parkland than in fields of pure millet. These results show that the parkland with A. senegal has increased soil fertility, and improved yield of millet, so this system could be disseminated at the level of agricultural producers to improve the production of this cereal.