Showing papers by "Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur published in 2015"
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the recent developments of anode materials on the nanoscale is presented, focusing on the fabrication of the nanostructured anode owing to its special properties, such as high surface area, short Li+ ion diffusion path length, high electron transportation rate etc.
Abstract: High-energy consumption in our day-to-day life can be balanced not only by harvesting pollution-free renewable energy sources, but also requires proper storage and distribution of energy. In this regard, lithium ion batteries are currently considered as effective energy storage devices and involve the most active research. There exist several review articles dealing with various sections of LIBs, such as the anode, the cathode, electrolytes, electrode–electrolyte interface etc. However, the anode is considered to be a crucial component affecting the performance of LIBs as evident from the tremendous amount of current research work carried out in this area. In the last few years, advancements have been focused more on the fabrication of the nanostructured anode owing to its special properties, such as high surface area, short Li+ ion diffusion path length, high electron transportation rate etc. As the work in this area is growing very fast, the present review paper deliberates the recent developments of anode materials on the nanoscale. Different types of anode materials, such as carbon-based materials, alloys, Si-based materials, transition metal oxides, and transition metal chalcogenides, with their unique physical and electrochemical properties, are discussed. Various approaches to designing materials in the form of 0, 1 and 2D nanostructures and their effect of size and morphology on their performance as anode materials in LIBs are reviewed. Moreover, the article emphasizes smart approaches for making core–shell particles, nanoheterostructures, nanocomposites or nanohybrids with the combination of electrochemically active materials and conductive carbonaceous or electrochemically inactive materials to achieve LIBs with high capacity, high rate capability, and excellent cycling stability. We believe the review paper will provide an update for the reader regarding recent progress on nanostructured anode materials for LIBs.
666 citations
TL;DR: The existing state-of-the-art in wireless sensor networks for agricultural applications is reviewed thoroughly and various case studies to thoroughly explore the existing solutions proposed in the literature in various categories according to their design and implementation related parameters.
627 citations
TL;DR: The reaction kinetics is discussed considering its elegance and importance enlightening the long known Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism and Eley-Rideal mechanism at length, along with a few other mechanisms recently reported.
609 citations
TL;DR: An automated learning-free facial landmark detection technique has been proposed, which achieves similar performances as that of other state-of-art landmark detection methods, yet requires significantly less execution time.
Abstract: Extraction of discriminative features from salient facial patches plays a vital role in effective facial expression recognition. The accurate detection of facial landmarks improves the localization of the salient patches on face images. This paper proposes a novel framework for expression recognition by using appearance features of selected facial patches. A few prominent facial patches, depending on the position of facial landmarks, are extracted which are active during emotion elicitation. These active patches are further processed to obtain the salient patches which contain discriminative features for classification of each pair of expressions, thereby selecting different facial patches as salient for different pair of expression classes. One-against-one classification method is adopted using these features. In addition, an automated learning-free facial landmark detection technique has been proposed, which achieves similar performances as that of other state-of-art landmark detection methods, yet requires significantly less execution time. The proposed method is found to perform well consistently in different resolutions, hence, providing a solution for expression recognition in low resolution images. Experiments on CK+ and JAFFE facial expression databases show the effectiveness of the proposed system.
452 citations
TL;DR: This survey presents a synthesized overview of the current state of research on smart grid development, and identifies the current research problems in the areas of cloud-based energy management, information management, and security in smart grid.
Abstract: The fast-paced development of power systems necessitates smart grids to facilitate real-time control and monitoring with bidirectional communication and electricity flows. Future smart grids are expected to have reliable, efficient, secured, and cost-effective power management with the implementation of distributed architecture. To focus on these requirements, we provide a comprehensive survey on different cloud computing applications for the smart grid architecture, in three different areas— energy management , information management , and security . In these areas, the utility of cloud computing applications is discussed, while giving directions on future opportunities for the development of the smart grid. We also highlight different challenges existing in the conventional smart grid (without cloud application) that can be overcome using cloud. In this survey, we present a synthesized overview of the current state of research on smart grid development. We also identify the current research problems in the areas of cloud-based energy management, information management, and security in smart grid.
398 citations
TL;DR: The sensing response of Au-ZnO nancomposite is enhanced both in UV and visible region, as compared to control ZnO, and the sensitivity is observed to be higher in the visible region due to the LSPR effect of Au NPs.
Abstract: In this study we report the enhancement of UV photodetection and wavelength tunable light induced NO gas sensing at room temperature using Au-ZnO nanocomposites synthesized by a simple photochemical process Plasmonic Au-ZnO nanostructures with a size less than the incident wavelength have been found to exhibit a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) that leads to a strong absorption, scattering and local field enhancement The photoresponse of Au-ZnO nanocomposite can be effectively enhanced by 80 times at 335 nm over control ZnO We also demonstrated Au-ZnO nanocomposite's application to wavelength tunable gas sensor operating at room temperature The sensing response of Au-ZnO nancomposite is enhanced both in UV and visible region, as compared to control ZnO The sensitivity is observed to be higher in the visible region due to the LSPR effect of Au NPs The selectivity is found to be higher for NO gas over CO and some other volatile organic compounds (VOCs), with a minimum detection limit of 01 ppb for Au-ZnO sensor at 335 nm
340 citations
TL;DR: This paper first analyzes He-Wang's scheme, then proposes a new secure multi-server authentication protocol using biometric-based smart card and ECC with more security functionalities and shows that the proposed scheme provides secure authentication.
Abstract: Recently, in 2014, He and Wang proposed a robust and efficient multi-server authentication scheme using biometrics-based smart card and elliptic curve cryptography (ECC). In this paper, we first analyze He–Wang’s scheme and show that their scheme is vulnerable to a known session-specific temporary information attack and impersonation attack. In addition, we show that their scheme does not provide strong user’s anonymity. Furthermore, He–Wang’s scheme cannot provide the user revocation facility when the smart card is lost/stolen or user’s authentication parameter is revealed. Apart from these, He–Wang’s scheme has some design flaws, such as wrong password login and its consequences, and wrong password update during password change phase. We then propose a new secure multi-server authentication protocol using biometric-based smart card and ECC with more security functionalities. Using the Burrows–Abadi–Needham logic, we show that our scheme provides secure authentication. In addition, we simulate our scheme for the formal security verification using the widely accepted and used automated validation of Internet security protocols and applications tool, and show that our scheme is secure against passive and active attacks. Our scheme provides high security along with low communication cost, computational cost, and variety of security features. As a result, our scheme is very suitable for battery-limited mobile devices as compared with He–Wang’s scheme.
335 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a few prominent facial patches, depending on the position of facial landmarks, are extracted which are active during emotion elicitation, and these active patches are further processed to obtain the salient patches which contain discriminative features for classification of each pair of expressions, thereby selecting different facial patches as salient for different pair of expression classes.
Abstract: Extraction of discriminative features from salient facial patches plays a vital role in effective facial expression recognition. The accurate detection of facial landmarks improves the localization of the salient patches on face images. This paper proposes a novel framework for expression recognition by using appearance features of selected facial patches. A few prominent facial patches, depending on the position of facial landmarks, are extracted which are active during emotion elicitation. These active patches are further processed to obtain the salient patches which contain discriminative features for classification of each pair of expressions, thereby selecting different facial patches as salient for different pair of expression classes. One-against-one classification method is adopted using these features. In addition, an automated learning-free facial landmark detection technique has been proposed, which achieves similar performances as that of other state-of-art landmark detection methods, yet requires significantly less execution time. The proposed method is found to perform well consistently in different resolutions, hence, providing a solution for expression recognition in low resolution images. Experiments on CK+ and JAFFE facial expression databases show the effectiveness of the proposed system.
312 citations
TL;DR: This review covers the recent works done in the area of scheduling algorithms for charging EVs in smart grid and reviews the key results in this field following the classification proposed.
Abstract: Electric vehicles (EVs) are being introduced by different manufacturers as an environment-friendly alternative to vehicles with internal combustion engines, with several benefits. The number of EVs is expected to grow rapidly in the coming years. However, uncoordinated charging of these vehicles can put a severe stress on the power grid. The problem of charge scheduling of EVs is an important and challenging problem and has seen significant research activity in the last few years. This review covers the recent works done in the area of scheduling algorithms for charging EVs in smart grid. The works are first classified into two broad classes of unidirectional versus bidirectional charging, and then, each class is further classified based on whether the scheduling is centralized or distributed and whether any mobility aspects are considered or not. It then reviews the key results in this field following the classification proposed. Some interesting research challenges that can be addressed are also identified.
298 citations
TL;DR: The superior piezoelectric energy harvester ability of a non-electrically poled Fe-doped reduced graphene oxide (Fe-RGO)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanocomposite film prepared through a simple solution casting technique that favors the nucleation and stabilization of polar γ-phase is reported.
Abstract: In this work, we report the superior piezoelectric energy harvester ability of a non-electrically poled Fe-doped reduced graphene oxide (Fe-RGO)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanocomposite film prepared through a simple solution casting technique that favors the nucleation and stabilization of ≈99% relative proportion of polar γ-phase. The piezoelectric energy harvester was made with non-electrically poled Fe-RGO/PVDF nanocomposite film that gives an open circuit output voltage and short circuit current up to 5.1 V and 0.254 μA by repetitive human finger imparting. The improvement of the output performance is influenced by the generation of the electroactive polar γ-phase in the PVDF, due to the electrostatic interactions among the –CH2–/–CF2– dipoles of PVDF and the delocalized π-electrons and remaining oxygen functionalities of Fe-doped RGO via ion-dipole and/or hydrogen bonding interactions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed the nucleation of the polar γ-phase of PVDF by electrostatic interactions and Raman spectroscopy also supported the molecular interactions between the dipoles of PVDF and the Fe-doped RGO nanosheets. In addition, the nanocomposite shows a higher electrical energy density of ≈0.84 J cm−3 at an electric field of 537 kV cm−1, which indicates that it is appropriate for energy storage capabilities. Moreover, the surface of the prepared nanocomposite film is electrically conducting and shows an electrical conductivity of ≈3.30 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 2 wt% loading of Fe-RGO.
263 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a description of the vision and present practices of ecotourism and provide a review of published peer-reviewed journal articles during 2000-2013.
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of micro-and minichannel heat exchangers as heat sinks and heat exchanger has been presented, and the persisting lacunae of this technology drawn from the review have been pointed out.
Abstract: Depleting energy resources have become the driving force for their conservation. Increasing the system efficiencies is one method by which sustainability of energy may be ensured, for which miniaturization has successfully provided solutions. Miniature heat exchangers, owing to their high thermal performance, have the potential to provide energy efficient systems. In addition, their characteristics of compactness, small size and lesser weight have attracted widespread applications. Various works on micro- and minichannel heat exchangers as heat sinks and heat exchangers have been reviewed in this paper. Currently employed fabrication techniques and different applications have been summarized. An overview of the single-phase thermo-hydraulic studies in micro- and minichannel heat sinks has been presented. Literatures related co-current, counter-current and cross-current micro- and minichannel heat exchangers have been discussed. Finally, the persisting lacunae of this technology drawn from the review have been pointed out.
TL;DR: An advanced aqueous asymmetric (AAS) supercapacitor has been fabricated by exploiting the as-prepared Ni@rGO-Co3S4 as a positive electrode and Ni@ rGO-Ni3S2 as a negative electrode, and promising energy densities and cycle stability indicate that it could be a potential candidate in the field ofsupercapacitors.
Abstract: Ni foam@reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hydrogel–Ni3S2 and Ni foam@rGO hydrogel–Co3S4 composites have been successfully synthesized with the aid of a two-step hydrothermal protocol, where the rGO hydrogel is sandwiched between the metal sulfide and Ni foam substrate. Sonochemical deposition of exfoliated rGO on Ni foam with subsequent hydrothermal treatment results in the formation of a rGO-hydrogel-coated Ni foam. Then second-time hydrothermal treatment of the dried Ni@rGO substrate with corresponding metal nitrate and sodium sulfide results in individual uniform growth of porous Ni3S2 nanorods and a Co3S4 self-assembled nanosheet on a Ni@rGO substrate. Both Ni@rGO–Ni3S2 and Ni@rGO–Co3S4 have been electrochemically characterized in a 6 M KOH electrolyte, exhibiting high specific capacitance values of 987.8 and 1369 F/g, respectively, at 1.5 A/g accompanied by the respective outstanding cycle stability of 97.9% and 96.6% at 12 A/g over 3000 charge–discharge cycles. An advanced aqueous asymmetric (AAS) superc...
TL;DR: Knowing the mechanisms by which ROS influence seed physiology will provide insights that may not only allow the development of seed quality markers but also help to understand how dormancy can be broken in several recalcitrant species.
TL;DR: In this article, an overview of the different aspects of waterlogging and soil salinization and its impact on the food production and sustainability of irrigated agriculture is presented. And the authors conclude that the damage to plant growth and yield is much serious when these processes occur simultaneously and generally yield reduction is linearly correlated with the salinity level.
TL;DR: This hydrogel is injectable, permitting its implantation through minimally invasive approaches, and is found to exhibit photoluminescence, enabling bioimaging and in vivo tracking, and demonstrates good elasticity, high porosity, and pH-dependent degradation dynamics, which are advantageous for this sericin hydrogels to serve as a delivery vehicle for cells and therapeutic drugs.
Abstract: Sericin, a major component of silk, has a long history of being discarded as a waste during silk processing. The value of sericin for tissue engineering is underestimated and its potential application in regenerative medicine has just begun to be explored. Here we report the successful fabrication and characterization of a covalently-crosslinked 3D pure sericin hydrogel for delivery of cells and drugs. This hydrogel is injectable, permitting its implantation through minimally invasive approaches. Notably, this hydrogel is found to exhibit photoluminescence, enabling bioimaging and in vivo tracking. Moreover, this hydrogel system possesses excellent cell-adhesive capability, effectively promoting cell attachment, proliferation and long-term survival of various types of cells. Further, the sericin hydrogel releases bioactive reagents in a sustained manner. Additionally, this hydrogel demonstrates good elasticity, high porosity, and pH-dependent degradation dynamics, which are advantageous for this sericin hydrogel to serve as a delivery vehicle for cells and therapeutic drugs. With all these unique features, it is expected that this sericin hydrogel will have wide utility in the areas of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed a new speleothem record from Mawmluh Cave, Meghalaya, India, in order to better understand these processes.
Abstract: Speleothem proxy records from northeastern (NE) India reflect seasonal changes in Indian summer monsoon strength as well as moisture source and transport paths. We have analyzed a new speleothem record from Mawmluh Cave, Meghalaya, India, in order to better understand these processes. The data show a strong wet phase 33,500–32,500 years B.P. followed by a weak/dry phase from 26,000 to 23,500 years B.P. and a very weak phase from 17,000 to 15,000 years B.P. The record suggests abrupt increase in strength during the Bolling-Allerod and early Holocene periods and pronounced weakening during the Heinrich and Younger Dryas cold events. We infer that these changes in monsoon strength are driven by changes in temperature gradients which drive changes in winds and moisture transport into northeast India.
TL;DR: AMF symbiosis can improve photosynthesis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capabilities and decrease Pb concentrations in leaves to alleviate Pb toxicity in R. pseudoacacia, indicating that AMF inoculation likely played a more important role in plant Pb tolerance in heavily contaminated soils.
Abstract: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are considered as a potential biotechnological tool for improving phytostabilization efficiency and plant tolerance to heavy metal-contaminated soils. However, the mechanisms through which AMF help to alleviate metal toxicity in plants are still poorly understood. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of two AMF species (Funneliformis mosseae and Rhizophagus intraradices) on the growth, Pb accumulation, photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activities of a leguminous tree (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) at Pb addition levels of 0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg kg-1 soil. AMF symbiosis decreased Pb concentrations in the leaves and promoted the accumulation of biomass as well as photosynthetic pigment contents. Mycorrhizal plants had higher gas exchange capacity, non-photochemistry efficiency, and photochemistry efficiency compared with non-mycorrhizal plants. The enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidases (APX) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were enhanced, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were reduced in mycorrhizal plants. These findings suggested that AMF symbiosis could protect plants by alleviating cellular oxidative damage in response to Pb stress. Furthermore, mycorrhizal dependency on plants increased with increasing Pb stress levels, indicating that AMF inoculation likely played a more important role in plant Pb tolerance in heavily contaminated soils. Overall, both F. mosseae and R. intraradices were able to maintain efficient symbiosis with R. pseudoacacia in Pb polluted soils. AMF symbiosis can improve photosynthesis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capabilities and decrease Pb concentrations in leaves to alleviate Pb toxicity in R. pseudoacacia. Our results suggest that the application of the two AMF species associated with R. pseudoacacia could be a promising strategy for enhancing the phytostabilization efficiency of Pb contaminated soils.
TL;DR: In this article, a compact octagonal shaped fractal ultrawideband multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is presented, and its characteristics are investigated in order to achieve the desired miniaturization and wideband phenomena.
Abstract: In this letter, a compact octagonal shaped fractal ultrawideband multiple-input–multiple-output antenna is presented, and its characteristics are investigated In order to achieve the desired miniaturization and wideband phenomena, self-similar and space filling properties of Koch fractal geometry are used in the antenna design These fractal monopoles are placed orthogonal to each other for good isolation Moreover, grounded stubs are used in the geometry to provide further improvement in the isolation The band rejection phenomenon in wireless local area network band is achieved by etching a C-shaped slot from the monopole of the antenna The proposed antenna has compact dimensions of $45~\hbox{mm} \times 45~\hbox{mm}$ and exhibits quasi-omnidirectional radiation pattern In addition, it shows an impedance bandwidth ( ${{\rm S}_{11}}\! ) from 2 to 106 GHz with isolation better than 17 dB over the entire ultra-wideband range Diversity performance is also evaluated in terms of envelope correlation coefficient and capacity loss The measured results show good agreement with the simulated ones
University of Hyderabad1, Indian Space Research Organisation2, The Energy and Resources Institute3, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing4, Remote Sensing Center5, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur6, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign7, Banaras Hindu University8, CEPT University9, Anna University10, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad11, Central University, India12, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology13
TL;DR: The present study utilizes the satellite images to generate national level LULC maps at decadal intervals for 1985, 1995 and 2005 using onscreen visual interpretation techniques with minimum mapping unit of 2.5 hectares to conclude that this dataset has captured the maximum cumulative patch diversity frequency, indicating the detailed representation that can be attributed to the on- screen visual interpretation technique.
Abstract: India has experienced significant Land-Use and Land-Cover Change (LULCC) over the past few decades. In this context, careful observation and mapping of LULCC using satellite data of high to medium spatial resolution is crucial for understanding the long-term usage patterns of natural resources and facilitating sustainable management to plan, monitor and evaluate development. The present study utilizes the satellite images to generate national level LULC maps at decadal intervals for 1985, 1995 and 2005 using onscreen visual interpretation techniques with minimum mapping unit of 2.5 hectares. These maps follow the classification scheme of the International Geosphere Biosphere Programme (IGBP) to ensure compatibility with other global/regional LULC datasets for comparison and integration. Our LULC maps with more than 90% overall accuracy highlight the changes prominent at regional level, i.e., loss of forest cover in central and northeast India, increase of cropland area in Western India, growth of peri-urban area, and relative increase in plantations. We also found spatial correlation between the cropping area and precipitation, which in turn confirms the monsoon dependent agriculture system in the country. On comparison with the existing global LULC products (GlobCover and MODIS), it can be concluded that our dataset has captured the maximum cumulative patch diversity frequency indicating the detailed representation that can be attributed to the on-screen visual interpretation technique. Comparisons with global LULC products (GlobCover and MODIS) show that our dataset captures maximum landscape diversity, which is partly attributable to the on-screen visual interpretation techniques. We advocate the utility of this database for national and regional studies on land dynamics and climate change research. The database would be updated to 2015 as a continuing effort of this study.
TL;DR: The Indian Sub-Continent is one of the most densely populated regions of the world, hosting ∼23% of the global population within only 3% of world's land area as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: A mixed metal oxide WO3-SnO2 nanostructured material synthesized in situ by a simple, single-step, one-pot hydrothermal method at 200 °C in 12 h is reported to demonstrate its superior sensing behavior towards volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as ammonia, ethanol and acetone.
Abstract: It remains a challenge to find a suitable gas sensing material that shows a high response and shows selectivity towards various gases simultaneously. Here, we report a mixed metal oxide WO3-SnO2 nanostructured material synthesized in situ by a simple, single-step, one-pot hydrothermal method at 200 °C in 12 h, and demonstrate its superior sensing behavior towards volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as ammonia, ethanol and acetone. SnO2 nanoparticles with controlled size and density were uniformly grown on WO3 nanoplates by varying the tin precursor. The density of the SnO2 nanoparticles on the WO3 nanoplates plays a crucial role in the VOC selectivity. The responses of the present mixed metal oxides are found to be much higher than the previously reported results based on single/mixed oxides and noble metal-doped oxides. In addition, the VOC selectivity is found to be highly temperature-dependent, with optimum performance obtained at 200 °C, 300 °C and 350 °C for ammonia, ethanol and acetone, respectively. The present results on the cost-effective noble metal-free WO3-SnO2 sensor could find potential application in human breath analysis by non-invasive detection.
TL;DR: In this paper, a double VAR melted ingot was thermo-mechanically processed and it's microstructure and tensile properties determined as a function of β as well as α+β solution treatment and aging.
TL;DR: The focus has been to critically discuss and analyze the recent research trends in this field, with special attention devoted to separately assessing both laboratory and field cases to better demonstrate the progress being made across different MEOR techniques.
Abstract: The world continues to rely heavily on petroleum as a primary energy source. However, a great fraction of the oil-in-place remains inaccessible to traditional recovery means. This review presents an update on the use of biotechnology to improve residual crude oil production from oil wells as a tertiary oil recovery method known as “microbial enhanced oil recovery” (MEOR). Our focus has been to critically discuss and analyze the recent research trends in this field, with special attention devoted to separately assessing both laboratory and field cases to better demonstrate the progress being made across different MEOR techniques. MEOR strategies reviewed here include the uses of selective plugging, biopolymers, wettability alterations, bioacids, biosolvents, and biosurfactants. Additionally, the emerging contributions of genetically-engineered microorganisms for MEOR purposes (GEMEOR) and enzyme-enhanced oil recovery (EEOR) are also analyzed. While further research must still be done to optimize MEOR methods for the oil industry, biotechnology-based methods hold much promise for oil recovery operations as well as for oil spill remediation.
TL;DR: A new technique for fault detection and isolation to make the traditional vector-controlled induction motor (IM) drive fault tolerant against current and speed sensor failure.
Abstract: This paper presents a new technique for fault detection and isolation to make the traditional vector-controlled induction motor (IM) drive fault tolerant against current and speed sensor failure. The proposed current estimation uses d- and q-axes currents and is independent of the switching states of the three-leg inverter. While the technique introduces a new concept of vector rotation to generate potential estimates of the currents, speed is estimated by one of the available model reference adaptive system (MRAS) based formulations. A logic-based decision mechanism selects the right estimate and reconfigures the system (by rejecting the signal from the faulty sensors). Such algorithm is suitable for different drives, including electric vehicles to avoid complete shutdown of the system, in case of sensor failure. The proposed method is extensively simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK and experimentally validated through a dSPACE-1104-based laboratory prototype.
17 Oct 2015
TL;DR: A novel framework which first classifies tweets to extract situational information, and then summarizes the information achieves superior performance compared to state-of-the-art tweet summarization approaches.
Abstract: Microblogging sites like Twitter have become important sources of real-time information during disaster events. A significant amount of valuable situational information is available in these sites; however, this information is immersed among hundreds of thousands of tweets, mostly containing sentiments and opinion of the masses, that are posted during such events. To effectively utilize microblogging sites during disaster events, it is necessary to (i) extract the situational information from among the large amounts of sentiment and opinion, and (ii) summarize the situational information, to help decision-making processes when time is critical. In this paper, we develop a novel framework which first classifies tweets to extract situational information, and then summarizes the information. The proposed framework takes into consideration the typicalities pertaining to disaster events where (i) the same tweet often contains a mixture of situational and non-situational information, and (ii) certain numerical information, such as number of casualties, vary rapidly with time, and thus achieves superior performance compared to state-of-the-art tweet summarization approaches.
TL;DR: This review addresses new advances in metal, bimetallic, metal oxide, and composite particles in their nanoregime for facet-selective catalytic applications with a view to develop critical examination of the faceted morphology of the particles for catalysis.
Abstract: The review addresses new advances in metal, bimetallic, metal oxide, and composite particles in their nanoregime for facet-selective catalytic applications. The synthesis and growth mechanisms of the particles have been summarized in brief in this review with a view to develop critical examination of the faceted morphology of the particles for catalysis. The size, shape and composition of the particles have been found to be largely irrelevant in comparison to the nature of facets in catalysis. Thus selective high- and low-index facets have been found to selectively promote adsorption, which eventually leads to an effective catalytic reaction. As a consequence, a high density of atoms rest at the corners, steps, stages, kinks etc on the catalyst surface in order to host the adsorbate efficiently and catalyze the reaction. Again, surface atomic arrangement and bond length have been found to play a dominant role in adsorption, leading to effective catalysis.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors combined principal component analysis (PCA) with GIS-based geostatistical modeling by following a sound methodology in comprehensive manner to identify sources of groundwater contamination.
TL;DR: A systematic review of published and unpublished methods to automate data extraction for systematic reviews found no unified information extraction framework tailored to the systematic review process and published reports focused on a limited number of data elements.
Abstract: Automation of the parts of systematic review process, specifically the data extraction step, may be an important strategy to reduce the time necessary to complete a systematic review. However, the state of the science of automatically extracting data elements from full texts has not been well described. This paper performs a systematic review of published and unpublished methods to automate data extraction for systematic reviews. We systematically searched PubMed, IEEEXplore, and ACM Digital Library to identify potentially relevant articles. We included reports that met the following criteria: 1) methods or results section described what entities were or need to be extracted, and 2) at least one entity was automatically extracted with evaluation results that were presented for that entity. We also reviewed the citations from included reports. Out of a total of 1190 unique citations that met our search criteria, we found 26 published reports describing automatic extraction of at least one of more than 52 potential data elements used in systematic reviews. For 25 (48 %) of the data elements used in systematic reviews, there were attempts from various researchers to extract information automatically from the publication text. Out of these, 14 (27 %) data elements were completely extracted, but the highest number of data elements extracted automatically by a single study was 7. Most of the data elements were extracted with F-scores (a mean of sensitivity and positive predictive value) of over 70 %. We found no unified information extraction framework tailored to the systematic review process, and published reports focused on a limited (1–7) number of data elements. Biomedical natural language processing techniques have not been fully utilized to fully or even partially automate the data extraction step of systematic reviews.
TL;DR: The hardware realization and performance study of fractional inductors of order 0<α<2, and a generalized approach to design a fractional-order bandpass filter are presented.
Abstract: This paper presents the hardware realization and performance study of fractional inductors of order 0<α<2. The fractional inductors used in this work have been realized with the help of general impedance converter circuit and fractional capacitors. Impedance characterization of fractional inductors with different exponents has been carried out experimentally. Also a generalized approach to design a fractional-order bandpass filter is discussed in this work. The fractional-order bandpass filter consists of a series combination of a resistor, a fractional inductor of order 1<α<2, and a fractional capacitor of order 0<β<1. The performance of fractional-order bandpass filters has been studied and compared with corresponding integer-order filters through both experimentation and simulation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.