International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh

About: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh is a facility organization based out in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Vibrio cholerae. The organization has 3103 authors who have published 5238 publications receiving 226880 citations. The organization is also known as: SEATO Cholera Research Laboratory & Bangladesh International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research.

Isolation of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis from Bangladeshi children with diarrhea: a controlled study.

Abstract: We undertook a controlled study of children younger than 5 years in Bangladesh to determine whether enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) was associated with diarrhea in this population. ETBF was isolated from 22 (6.1%) of 358 patients and 5 (1.2%) of 425 controls (P = 0.0001). In children younger than 1 year, however, low isolation rates (2 to 3%) were found in both patients and controls. In children older than 1 year, the rates were significantly higher in children with diarrhea (16 [9%] of 177) than in controls (2 [1%] of 264; P = 0.00001). When children with mixed infections with other known diarrheal pathogens were removed, the differences in children older than 1 year were still significant (7 [4%] of 177 versus 2 [1%] of 264; P = 0.033). The syndrome associated with ETBF was secretory in nature, with watery diarrhea, and of mild severity. These epidemiological and clinical findings are similar to those from a previous study of White Mountain Apaches in the United States and are the first to suggest that ETBF may also be an important diarrheal pathogen in other geographic areas and in the developing world where diarrhea is highly endemic.

The Immunization Programme in Bangladesh: Impressive Gains in Coverage, But Gaps Remain

Abstract: The paper reviews the achievements in tetanus immunization coverage and child immunization in Bangladesh. It uses data from the 1993-94 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey to identify and examine the programmatic and non-programmatic factors that influence the coverage of tetanus (TT) immunization during pregnancy, and full immunization among children 12-23 months old in rural Bangladesh. The purpose of this analysis is to identify the areas that need further programme attention. The logistic regression results show that the coverage of TT immunization was significantly associated with proximity to outreach clinics and the presence of a health worker in the community. Home visits by health/family planning fieldworkers and the proximity to outreach clinics had larger influences on TT coverage of poorer households compared to those better-off. The effect of distance to static clinics varied by regions. Among children, full immunization coverage (coverage of all of BCG, DPT1, DPT2, DPT3, Polio1 Polio2, Polio3) was significantly associated with distance to outreach clinics, the greater the distance to the clinics, the less the likelihood of immunization.

The wider impacts of BRAC poverty alleviation programme in Bangladesh

Abstract: Over the decades of the 1980s and 90s many poverty alleviation programmes have been implemented in developing countries. Evaluations of such programmes have traditionally looked at their success in increasing the income levels of participants but less at the wider goals of human well-being. This paper looks at the poverty alleviation programme of BRAC, a large non-governmental organisation in Bangladesh, and, based on carefully designed studies, presents its impact on selected components of ‘human well-being’. This study found better child survival and nutritional status in households served by the programme. Simular impacts were also found in other areas such as expenditure patterns, family planning practices and children's education. The studies also looked at the impact on the rural power structure and found a substantial change in the networking relationship of health providers. The likely influence of ‘selectivity bias’ on the above results is also discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Breast-feeding and the risk of life-threatening rotavirus diarrhea: prevention or postponement?

Abstract: This study attempted to assess the relationship between breast feeding and the risk of life-threatening rotavirus diarrhea among Bangladeshi infants and children younger than 24 months of age. A rural Bangladesh community was the base for this case-control study which included 102 cases with clinically severe rotavirus diarrhea detected in a treatment center-based surveillance system during 1985 and 1986 and 2587 controls selected in three surveys of the same community during the same calendar interval. Cases and controls were compared for the frequency of antecedent breast feeding patterns. Compared with other feeding modes exclusive breast feeding of infants was associated with significant protection against severe rotavirus diarrhea (relative risk [RR] = 0.10; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.03 0.34). However during the second year of life the risk of this outcome was higher in breastfed than in non-breastfed children (RR = 2.85; 95% CI = 0.37 21.71) and no overall protection was associated with breast feeding during the first 2 years of life (RR = 2.61; 95% CI = 0.62 11.02). Although exclusive breast feeding appeared to protect infants against severe rotavirus diarrhea breast feeding per se conferred no overall protection during the first 2 years of life suggesting that breast feeding temporarily postponed rather than prevented this outcome. While not detracting from efforts to promote breast feeding to alleviate the burden of diarrhea due to nonrotaviral enteropathogens these findings case doubt on whether such efforts will impact on the problem of severe rotavirus diarrhea. (authors)