Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

About: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology is a education organization based out in Karlsruhe, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Computer science & Catalysis. The organization has 37946 authors who have published 82138 publications receiving 2197068 citations. The organization is also known as: KIT & University of Karlsruhe.

Comparative Validation of Polyp Detection Methods in Video Colonoscopy: Results From the MICCAI 2015 Endoscopic Vision Challenge

Abstract: Colonoscopy is the gold standard for colon cancer screening though some polyps are still missed, thus preventing early disease detection and treatment. Several computational systems have been proposed to assist polyp detection during colonoscopy but so far without consistent evaluation. The lack of publicly available annotated databases has made it difficult to compare methods and to assess if they achieve performance levels acceptable for clinical use. The Automatic Polyp Detection sub-challenge, conducted as part of the Endoscopic Vision Challenge ( http://endovis.grand-challenge.org ) at the international conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention (MICCAI) in 2015, was an effort to address this need. In this paper, we report the results of this comparative evaluation of polyp detection methods, as well as describe additional experiments to further explore differences between methods. We define performance metrics and provide evaluation databases that allow comparison of multiple methodologies. Results show that convolutional neural networks are the state of the art. Nevertheless, it is also demonstrated that combining different methodologies can lead to an improved overall performance.

Methane reforming kinetics within a Ni–YSZ SOFC anode support

Abstract: This paper reports experimental and modeling investigations of thermal methane reforming chemistry within porous Ni–YSZ anode materials. Because the reforming chemistry is difficult to observe directly in an operating fuel cell, a specially designed experiment is developed. In the experiment a 0.75 mm-thick anode is sandwiched between two small co-flowing gas channels. One channel represents the fuel channel of a solid-oxide fuel cell (SOFC). The composition in the other channel carries the species that would be produced in an operating fuel cell by the electrochemical charge-transfer reactions in the thin three-phase regions near the interface between the anode and the dense electrolyte membrane (i.e., H2O and CO2). Because the anode structure is porous (and there is no dense electrolyte or cathode applied), there is convective and diffusive species flux between the two flow channels. The entire assembly is maintained at approximately 800 ° C in a furnace. The results of heterogeneous reforming kinetics are determined by using mass spectrometry to measure the species composition at the outlet of both channels. Experimental results are interpreted using a computational model that incorporates channel gas flow, porous-media transport, and elementary heterogeneous chemical kinetics. The overall objective is to develop quantitative models of non-electrochemical heterogeneous reforming chemistry within a Ni–YSZ anode.

Coupled-cluster techniques for computational chemistry: The CFOUR program package

Abstract: An up-to-date overview of the CFOUR program system is given. After providing a brief outline of the evolution of the program since its inception in 1989, a comprehensive presentation is given of its well-known capabilities for high-level coupled-cluster theory and its application to molecular properties. Subsequent to this generally well-known background information, much of the remaining content focuses on lesser-known capabilities of CFOUR, most of which have become available to the public only recently or will become available in the near future. Each of these new features is illustrated by a representative example, with additional discussion targeted to educating users as to classes of applications that are now enabled by these capabilities. Finally, some speculation about future directions is given, and the mode of distribution and support for CFOUR are outlined.