Institution
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Education•Karlsruhe, Germany•
About: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology is a education organization based out in Karlsruhe, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Computer science & Catalysis. The organization has 37946 authors who have published 82138 publications receiving 2197068 citations. The organization is also known as: KIT & University of Karlsruhe.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an overview on the relevant fundamental aspects for the de-/lithiation mechanism, the already overcome and remaining challenges (including, for instance, the potential fast charging and the recycling), as well as recent progress in the field such as the tradeoff between relatively cheaper natural graphite and comparably purer synthetic graphite, and the introduction of relevant amounts of silicon (oxide) to boost the energy and power density.
Abstract: Lithium-ion batteries are nowadays playing a pivotal role in our everyday life thanks to their excellent rechargeability, suitable power density, and outstanding energy density. A key component that has paved the way for this success story in the past almost 30 years is graphite, which has served as a lithium-ion host structure for the negative electrode. And despite extensive research efforts to find suitable alternatives with enhanced power and/or energy density, while maintaining the excellent cycling stability, graphite is still used in the great majority of presently available commercial lithium-ion batteries. A comprehensive review article focusing on graphite as lithium-ion intercalation host, however, appeared to be missing so far. Thus, herein, we provide an overview on the relevant fundamental aspects for the de-/lithiation mechanism, the already overcome and remaining challenges (including, for instance, the potential fast charging and the recycling), as well as recent progress in the field such as the trade-off between relatively cheaper natural graphite and comparably purer synthetic graphite and the introduction of relevant amounts of silicon (oxide) to boost the energy and power density. The latter, in fact, comes with its own challenges and the different approaches to overcome these in graphite/silicon (oxide) composites are discussed herein as well.
451 citations
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TL;DR: Spectra extending from 600 to 1200 nm have been generated from a Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser producing 5-fs pulses, to the authors' knowledge the broadest ever generated directly from a laser oscillator.
Abstract: Spectra extending from 600 to 1200 nm have been generated from a Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser producing 5-fs pulses. Specially designed double-chirped mirror pairs provide broadband controlled dispersion, and a second intracavity focus in a glass plate provides additional spectral broadening. These spectra are to our knowledge the broadest ever generated directly from a laser oscillator.
450 citations
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TL;DR: The nuclear RNA-binding protein Sam68 is a new extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) target that binds exonic splice-regulatory elements of an alternatively spliced exon that is physiologically regulated by the Ras signalling pathway, namely exon v5 of CD44.
Abstract: Evolution of human organismal complexity from a relatively small number of genes1,2—only approximately twice that of worm or fly—is explained mainly by mechanisms generating multiple proteins from a single gene, the most prevalent of which is alternative pre-messenger-RNA splicing1,3,4. Appropriate spatial and temporal generation of splice variants demands that alternative splicing be subject to extensive regulation, similar to transcriptional control. Activation by extracellular cues of several cellular signalling pathways can indeed regulate alternative splicing5,6,7,8. Here we address the link between signal transduction and splice regulation. We show that the nuclear RNA-binding protein Sam68 is a new extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) target. It binds exonic splice-regulatory elements of an alternatively spliced exon that is physiologically regulated by the Ras signalling pathway, namely exon v5 of CD44. Forced expression of Sam68 enhanced ERK-mediated inclusion of the v5-exon sequence in mRNA. This enhancement was impaired by mutation of ERK-phosphorylation sites in Sam68, whereas ERK phosphorylation of Sam68 stimulated splicing of the v5 exon in vitro. Finally, Ras-pathway-induced alternative splicing of the endogenous CD44-v5 exon was abolished by suppression of Sam68 expression. Our data define Sam68 as a prototype regulator of alternative splicing whose function depends on protein modification in response to extracellular cues.
450 citations
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TL;DR: In this review an analysis of existing experimental data about the protein corona, and an outline for required future work will be given, how existing simple analytical models such as the adopted Hill model may help to extract quantitative data from such experiments such as equilibrium dissociation and kinetic coefficients are reviewed.
Abstract: The protein adsorption layer (a.k.a. the “protein corona”) that forms on the surface of colloidal nanoparticles plays an important role in their interaction with living matter. Thus, characterization of the protein corona is of utmost importance for understanding how exposure to nanoparticles affects the biological responses of cells and organisms. Although a lot of experimental studies have been reported in this direction, a comprehensive picture is still missing, in particular due to the multitude of different scenarios under which experiments have been performed. In this review an analysis of existing experimental data about the protein corona, and an outline for required future work will be given. In particular we review how existing simple analytical models such as the adopted Hill model may help to extract quantitative data from such experiments such as equilibrium dissociation and kinetic coefficients. Careful quantitative assessment of equilibrium and kinetic properties would allow for a comparison of protein binding data from the vast array of engineered nanoparticles, so that basic principles could be revealed. This review outlines that the field is in dire need of more quantitative studies to further our understanding of protein corona formation and its biological consequences.
448 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, high spectral resolution reflectance measurements were acquired for spring, summer and autumn maple and chestnut leaves covering a wide range of chlorophyll content and consistent and diagnostic differences in the red edge range (680-750 nm) of the reflectance spectrum were obtained for the various leaf samples of both species studied.
447 citations
Authors
Showing all 38468 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Hyun-Chul Kim | 176 | 4076 | 183227 |
Yury Gogotsi | 171 | 956 | 144520 |
Marc Weber | 167 | 2716 | 153502 |
Chad A. Mirkin | 164 | 1078 | 134254 |
J. S. Lange | 160 | 2083 | 145919 |
Hannes Jung | 159 | 2069 | 125069 |
Wolfgang Wagner | 156 | 2342 | 123391 |
Vivek Sharma | 150 | 3030 | 136228 |
Teresa Lenz | 150 | 1718 | 114725 |
Andreas Pfeiffer | 149 | 1756 | 131080 |
Daniel Bloch | 145 | 1819 | 119556 |
Th. Müller | 144 | 1798 | 125843 |
Martin Erdmann | 144 | 1562 | 100470 |
Tim Adye | 143 | 1898 | 109010 |
Daniela Bortoletto | 143 | 1883 | 108433 |