Institution
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Education•Karlsruhe, Germany•
About: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology is a education organization based out in Karlsruhe, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Computer science & Catalysis. The organization has 37946 authors who have published 82138 publications receiving 2197068 citations. The organization is also known as: KIT & University of Karlsruhe.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: Third-generation in situ HCR v3.0 exploits automatic background suppression to enable multiplexed quantitative mRNA imaging and flow cytometry with dramatically enhanced performance and ease of use.
Abstract: In situ hybridization based on the mechanism of the hybridization chain reaction (HCR) has addressed multi-decade challenges that impeded imaging of mRNA expression in diverse organisms, offering a unique combination of multiplexing, quantitation, sensitivity, resolution and versatility. Here, with third-generation in situ HCR, we augment these capabilities using probes and amplifiers that combine to provide automatic background suppression throughout the protocol, ensuring that reagents will not generate amplified background even if they bind non-specifically within the sample. Automatic background suppression dramatically enhances performance and robustness, combining the benefits of a higher signal-to-background ratio with the convenience of using unoptimized probe sets for new targets and organisms. In situ HCR v3.0 enables three multiplexed quantitative analysis modes: (1) qHCR imaging – analog mRNA relative quantitation with subcellular resolution in the anatomical context of whole-mount vertebrate embryos; (2) qHCR flow cytometry – analog mRNA relative quantitation for high-throughput expression profiling of mammalian and bacterial cells; and (3) dHCR imaging – digital mRNA absolute quantitation via single-molecule imaging in thick autofluorescent samples.
610 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider the risks engendered by the baseline divertor strategy with regard to known W plasma-material interaction issues and briefly present the current status of a possible full-tungsten (W) divertor design.
610 citations
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TL;DR: Bow-tie elements assembled into mechanical metamaterials with positive/zero/negative Poisson's ratio and with sufficient overall size for direct mechanical characterization aim at demonstrating the new possibilities with respect to rationally designed effective materials.
Abstract: Dip-in direct-laser-writing (DLW) optical lithography allows fabricating complex three-dimensional microstructures without the height restrictions of regular DLW. Bow-tie elements assembled into mechanical metamaterials with positive/zero/negative Poisson's ratio and with sufficient overall size for direct mechanical characterization aim at demonstrating the new possibilities with respect to rationally designed effective materials.
609 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors review the physics basis, main features and use of general-purpose Monte Carlo event generators for the simulation of proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.
608 citations
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University of Exeter1, ETH Zurich2, University of East Anglia3, Lund University4, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution5, Imperial College London6, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research7, Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen8, National Center for Atmospheric Research9, University of Sheffield10, Montana State University11, Centre national de la recherche scientifique12, Max Planck Society13, University of Maryland, College Park14, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology15, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation16, University of Leeds17, Peking University18, Chinese Academy of Sciences19, Boston University20
TL;DR: In this article, a suite of nine dynamic global vegetation models and four ocean biogeochemical general circulation models were used to estimate trends driven by global and regional climate and atmospheric CO2 in land and oceanic CO2 exchanges with the atmosphere over the period 1990-2009, to attribute these trends to underlying processes in the models, and to quantify the uncertainty and level of inter-model agreement.
Abstract: . The land and ocean absorb on average just over half of the anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) every year. These CO2 "sinks" are modulated by climate change and variability. Here we use a suite of nine dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) and four ocean biogeochemical general circulation models (OBGCMs) to estimate trends driven by global and regional climate and atmospheric CO2 in land and oceanic CO2 exchanges with the atmosphere over the period 1990–2009, to attribute these trends to underlying processes in the models, and to quantify the uncertainty and level of inter-model agreement. The models were forced with reconstructed climate fields and observed global atmospheric CO2; land use and land cover changes are not included for the DGVMs. Over the period 1990–2009, the DGVMs simulate a mean global land carbon sink of −2.4 ± 0.7 Pg C yr−1 with a small significant trend of −0.06 ± 0.03 Pg C yr−2 (increasing sink). Over the more limited period 1990–2004, the ocean models simulate a mean ocean sink of −2.2 ± 0.2 Pg C yr−1 with a trend in the net C uptake that is indistinguishable from zero (−0.01 ± 0.02 Pg C yr−2). The two ocean models that extended the simulations until 2009 suggest a slightly stronger, but still small, trend of −0.02 ± 0.01 Pg C yr−2. Trends from land and ocean models compare favourably to the land greenness trends from remote sensing, atmospheric inversion results, and the residual land sink required to close the global carbon budget. Trends in the land sink are driven by increasing net primary production (NPP), whose statistically significant trend of 0.22 ± 0.08 Pg C yr−2 exceeds a significant trend in heterotrophic respiration of 0.16 ± 0.05 Pg C yr−2 – primarily as a consequence of widespread CO2 fertilisation of plant production. Most of the land-based trend in simulated net carbon uptake originates from natural ecosystems in the tropics (−0.04 ± 0.01 Pg C yr−2), with almost no trend over the northern land region, where recent warming and reduced rainfall offsets the positive impact of elevated atmospheric CO2 and changes in growing season length on carbon storage. The small uptake trend in the ocean models emerges because climate variability and change, and in particular increasing sea surface temperatures, tend to counter\-act the trend in ocean uptake driven by the increase in atmospheric CO2. Large uncertainty remains in the magnitude and sign of modelled carbon trends in several regions, as well as regarding the influence of land use and land cover changes on regional trends.
607 citations
Authors
Showing all 38468 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Hyun-Chul Kim | 176 | 4076 | 183227 |
Yury Gogotsi | 171 | 956 | 144520 |
Marc Weber | 167 | 2716 | 153502 |
Chad A. Mirkin | 164 | 1078 | 134254 |
J. S. Lange | 160 | 2083 | 145919 |
Hannes Jung | 159 | 2069 | 125069 |
Wolfgang Wagner | 156 | 2342 | 123391 |
Vivek Sharma | 150 | 3030 | 136228 |
Teresa Lenz | 150 | 1718 | 114725 |
Andreas Pfeiffer | 149 | 1756 | 131080 |
Daniel Bloch | 145 | 1819 | 119556 |
Th. Müller | 144 | 1798 | 125843 |
Martin Erdmann | 144 | 1562 | 100470 |
Tim Adye | 143 | 1898 | 109010 |
Daniela Bortoletto | 143 | 1883 | 108433 |