Michigan Technological University

About: Michigan Technological University is a education organization based out in Houghton, Michigan, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Volcano. The organization has 8023 authors who have published 17422 publications receiving 481780 citations. The organization is also known as: MTU & Michigan Tech.

Cyber-physical systems for water sustainability: challenges and opportunities

Abstract: Water plays a vital role in the proper functioning of the Earth’s ecosystems, and practically all human activities, such as agriculture, manufacturing, transportation, and energy production The proliferation of industrial and agricultural activities in modern society, however, poses threats to water resources in the form of chemical, biological, and thermal pollution On the other hand, tremendous advancements in science and technology offer valuable tools to address water sustainability challenges Key technologies, including sensing technology, wireless communications and networking, hydrodynamic modeling, data analysis, and control, enable intelligently wireless networked water cyber-physical systems (CPS) with embedded sensors, processors, and actuators that can sense and interact with the water environment This article provides an overview of water CPS for sustainability from four critical aspects: sensing and instrumentation; communications and networking; computing; and control The article also explores opportunities and design challenges of relevant techniques

Pore-Edge Tailoring of Single-Atom Iron–Nitrogen Sites on Graphene for Enhanced CO2 Reduction

Abstract: Hosting atomically dispersed nitrogen-coordinated iron sites (Fe–N4) on graphene offers unique opportunities for driving electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to CO. However, the strong ad...

Height is more important than light in determining leaf morphology in a tropical forest.

Abstract: Both within and between species, leaf physiological parameters are strongly related to leaf dry mass per area (LMA, g/m2), which has been found to increase from forest floor to canopy top in every forest where it has been measured. Although vertical LMA gradients in forests have historically been attributed to a direct phenotypic response to light, an increasing number of recent studies have provided evidence that water limitation in the upper canopy can constrain foliar morphological adaptations to higher light levels. We measured height, light, and LMA of all species encountered along 45 vertical canopy transects across a Costa Rican tropical rain forest. LMA was correlated with light levels in the lower canopy until approximately 18 m sample height and 22% diffuse transmittance. Height showed a remarkably linear relationship with LMA throughout the entire vertical canopy profile for all species pooled and for each functional group individually (except epiphytes), possibly through the influence of gravity on leaf water potential and turgor pressure. Models of forest function may be greatly simplified by estimating LMA-correlated leaf physiological parameters solely from foliage height profiles, which in turn can be assessed with satellite- and aircraft-based remote sensing.