Institution
Monash University
Education•Melbourne, Victoria, Australia•
About: Monash University is a education organization based out in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 35920 authors who have published 100681 publications receiving 3027002 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: In this paper, a revised kinematic model for the motions of Africa and Iberia relative to Europe since the Middle Jurassic is presented in order to provide boundary conditions for Alpine-Mediterranean reconstructions.
697 citations
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TL;DR: Bacteriocin activity can be detected and assayed by a modification of the punchhole method.
Abstract: Bacteriocin activity can be detected and assayed by a modification of the punchhole method.
696 citations
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TL;DR: Current pharmacogenetic knowledge on important human drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450s (CYPs) is highlighted to understand the large interindividual variability in drug clearance and responses in clinical practice and to improve the efficacy and safety of both prospective and currently available drugs.
Abstract: Pharmacogenetics is the study of how interindividual variations in the DNA sequence of specific genes affect drug response. This article highlights current pharmacogenetic knowledge on important human drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450s (CYPs) to understand the large interindividual variability in drug clearance and responses in clinical practice. The human CYP superfamily contains 57 functional genes and 58 pseudogenes, with members of the 1, 2, and 3 families playing an important role in the metabolism of therapeutic drugs, other xenobiotics, and some endogenous compounds. Polymorphisms in the CYP family may have had the most impact on the fate of therapeutic drugs. CYP2D6, 2C19, and 2C9 polymorphisms account for the most frequent variations in phase I metabolism of drugs, since almost 80% of drugs in use today are metabolized by these enzymes. Approximately 5-14% of Caucasians, 0-5% Africans, and 0-1% of Asians lack CYP2D6 activity, and these individuals are known as poor metabolizers. CYP2C9 is another clinically significant enzyme that demonstrates multiple genetic variants with a potentially functional impact on the efficacy and adverse effects of drugs that are mainly eliminated by this enzyme. Studies into the CYP2C9 polymorphism have highlighted the importance of the CYP2C9*2 and *3 alleles. Extensive polymorphism also occurs in other CYP genes, such as CYP1A1, 2A6, 2A13, 2C8, 3A4, and 3A5. Since several of these CYPs (e.g., CYP1A1 and 1A2) play a role in the bioactivation of many procarcinogens, polymorphisms of these enzymes may contribute to the variable susceptibility to carcinogenesis. The distribution of the common variant alleles of CYP genes varies among different ethnic populations. Pharmacogenetics has the potential to achieve optimal quality use of medicines, and to improve the efficacy and safety of both prospective and currently available drugs. Further studies are warranted to explore the gene-dose, gene-concentration, and gene-response relationships for these important drug-metabolizing CYPs.
695 citations
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695 citations
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TL;DR: Cautious conclusions are that public provision may be potentially more efficient than private, in certain settings, and some criteria for assessing the use and usefulness of efficiency studies are established, to help both researchers and those assessing whether or not to act upon published results.
Abstract: The measurement of efficiency and productivity of health service delivery has become a small industry. This is a review of 317 published papers on frontier efficiency measurement. The techniques used are mainly based on non-parametric data envelopment analysis, but there is increasing use of parametric techniques, such as stochastic frontier analysis. Applications to hospitals and other health care organizations and areas are reviewed and summarised, and some meta-type analysis undertaken. Cautious conclusions are that public provision may be potentially more efficient than private, in certain settings. The paper also considers conceptualizations of efficiency, and points to dangers and opportunities in generating such information. Finally, some criteria for assessing the use and usefulness of efficiency studies are established, with a view to helping both researchers and those assessing whether or not to act upon published results.
695 citations
Authors
Showing all 36568 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Bert Vogelstein | 247 | 757 | 332094 |
Kenneth W. Kinzler | 215 | 640 | 243944 |
David J. Hunter | 213 | 1836 | 207050 |
David R. Williams | 178 | 2034 | 138789 |
Yang Yang | 171 | 2644 | 153049 |
Lei Jiang | 170 | 2244 | 135205 |
Dongyuan Zhao | 160 | 872 | 106451 |
Christopher J. O'Donnell | 159 | 869 | 126278 |
Leif Groop | 158 | 919 | 136056 |
Mark E. Cooper | 158 | 1463 | 124887 |
Theo Vos | 156 | 502 | 186409 |
Mark J. Smyth | 153 | 713 | 88783 |
Rinaldo Bellomo | 147 | 1714 | 120052 |
Detlef Weigel | 142 | 516 | 84670 |
Geoffrey Burnstock | 141 | 1488 | 99525 |