National Institute of Standards and Technology

About: National Institute of Standards and Technology is a government organization based out in Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Laser & Scattering. The organization has 26667 authors who have published 60661 publications receiving 2215547 citations. The organization is also known as: National Bureau of Standards & NIST.

Influence of Water Vapor on Crack Propagation in Soda‐Lime Glass

Abstract: Results of a new experimental approach to static fatigue of glass are presented. Using the double-cantilever cleavage technique, it was possible to observe crack motion and to accurately measure crack velocities in glass. The measured crack velocity is a complicated function of stress and of water vapor concentration in the environment. Experimental results are discussed with reference to current theories of static fatigue.

New developments in the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database (ICSD): accessibility in support of materials research and design.

Abstract: The materials community in both science and industry use crystallographic data models on a daily basis to visualize, explain and predict the behavior of chemicals and materials. Access to reliable information on the structure of crystalline materials helps researchers concentrate experimental work in directions that optimize the discovery process. The Inorganic Crystal Structure Database (ICSD) is a comprehensive collection of more than 60 000 crystal structure entries for inorganic materials and is produced cooperatively by Fachinformationszentrum Karlsruhe (FIZ), Germany, and the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The ICSD is disseminated in computerized formats with scientific software tools to exploit the content of the database. Features of a new Windows-based graphical user interface for the ICSD are outlined, together with directions for future development in support of materials research and design.

Generating solitons by phase engineering of a bose-einstein condensate

Abstract: Quantum phase engineering is demonstrated with two techniques that allow the spatial phase distribution of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) to be written and read out. A quantum state was designed and produced by optically imprinting a phase pattern onto a BEC of sodium atoms, and matter-wave interferometry with spatially resolved imaging was used to analyze the resultant phase distribution. An appropriate phase imprint created solitons, the first experimental realization of this nonlinear phenomenon in a BEC. The subsequent evolution of these excitations was investigated both experimentally and theoretically.

Multi-site assessment of the precision and reproducibility of multiple reaction monitoring–based measurements of proteins in plasma

Abstract: Verification of candidate biomarkers relies upon specific, quantitative assays optimized for selective detection of target proteins, and is increasingly viewed as a critical step in the discovery pipeline that bridges unbiased biomarker discovery to preclinical validation. Although individual laboratories have demonstrated that multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) coupled with isotope dilution mass spectrometry can quantify candidate protein biomarkers in plasma, reproducibility and transferability of these assays between laboratories have not been demonstrated. We describe a multilaboratory study to assess reproducibility, recovery, linear dynamic range and limits of detection and quantification of multiplexed, MRM-based assays, conducted by NCI-CPTAC. Using common materials and standardized protocols, we demonstrate that these assays can be highly reproducible within and across laboratories and instrument platforms, and are sensitive to low mug/ml protein concentrations in unfractionated plasma. We provide data and benchmarks against which individual laboratories can compare their performance and evaluate new technologies for biomarker verification in plasma.

Numerical methods and software

Abstract: 1. Introduction. 2. Computer Arithmetic and Computational Errors. 3. Linear systems of Equations. 4. Interpolation. 5. Numerical Quadrature. 6. Linear Least-Square Data Fitting. 7. Solution of Nonlinear Equations. 8. Ordinary Diernetial Equations. 9. Optimization and Nonlinear Least Squares. 10. Simulation and Random Numbers. 11. Trigonometirc Approximation and the Fast Fourier Transorm. Bibliography.