Institution
University of Glasgow
Education•Glasgow, United Kingdom•
About: University of Glasgow is a education organization based out in Glasgow, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 40355 authors who have published 98254 publications receiving 3815419 citations. The organization is also known as: Glasgow University & Glasgow Uni.
Topics: Population, Context (language use), Gene, Politics, Medicine
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
••
TL;DR: ALC-PSO is designed to overcome the problem of premature convergence without significantly impairing the fast-converging feature of PSO and serves as a challenging mechanism for promoting a suitable leader to lead the swarm.
Abstract: In nature, almost every organism ages and has a limited lifespan. Aging has been explored by biologists to be an important mechanism for maintaining diversity. In a social animal colony, aging makes the old leader of the colony become weak, providing opportunities for the other individuals to challenge the leadership position. Inspired by this natural phenomenon, this paper transplants the aging mechanism to particle swarm optimization (PSO) and proposes a PSO with an aging leader and challengers (ALC-PSO). ALC-PSO is designed to overcome the problem of premature convergence without significantly impairing the fast-converging feature of PSO. It is characterized by assigning the leader of the swarm with a growing age and a lifespan, and allowing the other individuals to challenge the leadership when the leader becomes aged. The lifespan of the leader is adaptively tuned according to the leader's leading power. If a leader shows strong leading power, it lives longer to attract the swarm toward better positions. Otherwise, if a leader fails to improve the swarm and gets old, new particles emerge to challenge and claim the leadership, which brings in diversity. In this way, the concept “aging” in ALC-PSO actually serves as a challenging mechanism for promoting a suitable leader to lead the swarm. The algorithm is experimentally validated on 17 benchmark functions. Its high performance is confirmed by comparing with eight popular PSO variants.
462 citations
••
TL;DR: Localized monomerizing and stability determinants of CoIE1 are localized to within a 0.38 kb region that, when cloned into plasmid vectors, greatly increases their stability.
462 citations
••
TL;DR: The calculated energy changes indicate that there may be significant contributions to inter-pigment energy interactions from molecular displacements and these may be of importance to photosynthetic energy transfer.
462 citations
••
Ruhr University Bochum1, Paris Descartes University2, University of Toronto3, University of California, San Diego4, University of Washington5, Charité6, Medical University of Vienna7, VU University Amsterdam8, Ghent University Hospital9, University of Oxford10, University of California, San Francisco11, University of Leeds12, University Health Network13, University of Glasgow14, University College London15, University of Pennsylvania16, University of Rochester Medical Center17, Erasmus University Rotterdam18, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven19, Leiden University Medical Center20
TL;DR: There was broad agreement, now better supported by data than in 2012, that remission/inactive disease and, alternatively, low/minimal disease activity are the principal targets for the treatment of PsA.
Abstract: Therapeutic targets have been defined for axial and peripheral spondyloarthritis (SpA) in 2012, but the evidence for these recommendations was only of indirect nature. These recommendations were re-evaluated in light of new insights. Based on the results of a systematic literature review and expert opinion, a task force of rheumatologists, dermatologists, patients and a health professional developed an update of the 2012 recommendations. These underwent intensive discussions, on site voting and subsequent anonymous electronic voting on levels of agreement with each item. A set of 5 overarching principles and 11 recommendations were developed and voted on. Some items were present in the previous recommendations, while others were significantly changed or newly formulated. The 2017 task force arrived at a single set of recommendations for axial and peripheral SpA, including psoriatic arthritis (PsA). The most exhaustive discussions related to whether PsA should be assessed using unidimensional composite scores for its different domains or multidimensional scores that comprise multiple domains. This question was not resolved and constitutes an important research agenda. There was broad agreement, now better supported by data than in 2012, that remission/inactive disease and, alternatively, low/minimal disease activity are the principal targets for the treatment of PsA. As instruments to assess the patients on the path to the target, the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) for axial SpA and the Disease Activity index for PSoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA) and Minimal Disease Activity (MDA) for PsA were recommended, although not supported by all. Shared decision-making between the clinician and the patient was seen as pivotal to the process. The task force defined the treatment target for SpA as remission or low disease activity and developed a large research agenda to further advance the field.
461 citations
••
TL;DR: The generation of chimeras between different α‐subunits defined the role of different sections of the primary/secondary sequence and crystal structures and cocrystals with interacting proteins have given detailed understanding of their molecular structure and basis of function.
Abstract: Some 865 genes in man encode G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins) function to transduce signals from this vast panoply of receptors to effector systems including ion channels and enzymes that alter the rate of production, release or degradation of intracellular second messengers. However, it was not until the 1970s that the existence of such transducing proteins was even seriously suggested. Combinations of bacterial toxins that mediate their effects via covalent modification of the α-subunit of certain G-proteins and mutant cell lines that fail to generate cyclic AMP in response to agonists because they either fail to express or express a malfunctional G-protein allowed their identification and purification. Subsequent to initial cloning efforts, cloning by homology has defined the human G-proteins to derive from 35 genes, 16 encoding α-subunits, five β and 14 γ. All function as guanine nucleotide exchange on–off switches and are mechanistically similar to other proteins that are enzymic GTPases. Although not readily accepted initially, it is now well established that β/γ complexes mediate as least as many functions as the α-subunits. The generation of chimeras between different α-subunits defined the role of different sections of the primary/secondary sequence and crystal structures and cocrystals with interacting proteins have given detailed understanding of their molecular structure and basis of function. Finally, further modifications of such chimeras have generated a range of G-protein α-subunits with greater promiscuity to interact across GPCR classes and initiated the use of such modified G-proteins in drug discovery programmes.
461 citations
Authors
Showing all 40860 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
George Davey Smith | 224 | 2540 | 248373 |
John J.V. McMurray | 178 | 1389 | 184502 |
David A. Weitz | 178 | 1038 | 114182 |
Robin M. Murray | 171 | 1539 | 116362 |
Ian J. Deary | 166 | 1795 | 114161 |
G. A. Cowan | 159 | 2353 | 172594 |
Hannes Jung | 159 | 2069 | 125069 |
Gavin Davies | 159 | 2036 | 149835 |
Naveed Sattar | 155 | 1326 | 116368 |
Rajesh Kumar | 149 | 4439 | 140830 |
Debbie A Lawlor | 147 | 1114 | 101123 |
Kevin Murphy | 146 | 728 | 120475 |
David L. Clements | 145 | 597 | 112129 |
Alan J. Silman | 141 | 708 | 92864 |
Dario Bisello | 140 | 2005 | 107859 |