Institution
University of Sydney
Education•Sydney, New South Wales, Australia•
About: University of Sydney is a education organization based out in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 61532 authors who have published 187345 publications receiving 6114218 citations. The organization is also known as: Sydney University & USyd.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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TL;DR: The members of the Tear Film Subcommittee reviewed the role of the tear film in dry eye disease (DED), biophysical and biochemical aspects of tears and how these change in DED and recommended areas for future research.
Abstract: The members of the Tear Film Subcommittee reviewed the role of the tear film in dry eye disease (DED). The Subcommittee reviewed biophysical and biochemical aspects of tears and how these change in DED. Clinically, DED is characterized by loss of tear volume, more rapid breakup of the tear film and increased evaporation of tears from the ocular surface. The tear film is composed of many substances including lipids, proteins, mucins and electrolytes. All of these contribute to the integrity of the tear film but exactly how they interact is still an area of active research. Tear film osmolarity increases in DED. Changes to other components such as proteins and mucins can be used as biomarkers for DED. The Subcommittee recommended areas for future research to advance our understanding of the tear film and how this changes with DED. The final report was written after review by all Subcommittee members and the entire TFOS DEWS II membership.
582 citations
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TL;DR: Exercise as a single intervention can prevent falls in community-dwelling older people and promising results are evident for people with Parkinson's disease and cognitive impairment.
Abstract: Objective Previous meta-analyses have found that exercise prevents falls in older people. This study aimed to test whether this effect is still present when new trials are added, and it explores whether characteristics of the trial design, sample or intervention are associated with greater fall prevention effects.
Design Update of a systematic review with random effects meta-analysis and meta-regression.
Data sources Cochrane Library, CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, PEDro and SafetyLit were searched from January 2010 to January 2016.
Study eligibility criteria We included randomised controlled trials that compared fall rates in older people randomised to receive exercise as a single intervention with fall rates in those randomised to a control group.
Results 99 comparisons from 88 trials with 19 478 participants were available for meta-analysis. Overall, exercise reduced the rate of falls in community-dwelling older people by 21% (pooled rate ratio 0.79, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.85, p<0.001, I2 47%, 69 comparisons) with greater effects seen from exercise programmes that challenged balance and involved more than 3 hours/week of exercise. These variables explained 76% of the between-trial heterogeneity and in combination led to a 39% reduction in falls (incident rate ratio 0.61, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.72, p<0.001). Exercise also had a fall prevention effect in community-dwelling people with Parkinson's disease (pooled rate ratio 0.47, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.73, p=0.001, I2 65%, 6 comparisons) or cognitive impairment (pooled rate ratio 0.55, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.83, p=0.004, I2 21%, 3 comparisons). There was no evidence of a fall prevention effect of exercise in residential care settings or among stroke survivors or people recently discharged from hospital.
Summary/conclusions Exercise as a single intervention can prevent falls in community-dwelling older people. Exercise programmes that challenge balance and are of a higher dose have larger effects. The impact of exercise as a single intervention in clinical groups and aged care facility residents requires further investigation, but promising results are evident for people with Parkinson's disease and cognitive impairment.
582 citations
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Carnegie Institution for Science1, University of California, Santa Cruz2, Carnegie Learning3, University of California, Berkeley4, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory5, Pennsylvania State University6, University of Copenhagen7, Space Telescope Science Institute8, Johns Hopkins University9, California Institute of Technology10, Diego Portales University11, Massachusetts Institute of Technology12, Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics13, University of Notre Dame14, National Autonomous University of Mexico15, University of La Serena16, University of Victoria17, Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics18, Valparaiso University19, Texas A&M University20, Catholic University of the North21, Millennium Institute22, University of Sydney23
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present ultraviolet, optical, and infrared light curves of SSS17a extending from 10.9 hours to 18 days post-merger, showing that the late-time light curve indicates that SSS 17a produced at least 0.05 solar masses of heavy elements, demonstrating that neutron star mergers play a role in rapid neutron capture (r-process) nucleosynthesis in the universe.
Abstract: On 17 August 2017, gravitational waves (GWs) were detected from a binary neutron star merger, GW170817, along with a coincident short gamma-ray burst, GRB 170817A. An optical transient source, Swope Supernova Survey 17a (SSS17a), was subsequently identified as the counterpart of this event. We present ultraviolet, optical, and infrared light curves of SSS17a extending from 10.9 hours to 18 days postmerger. We constrain the radioactively powered transient resulting from the ejection of neutron-rich material. The fast rise of the light curves, subsequent decay, and rapid color evolution are consistent with multiple ejecta components of differing lanthanide abundance. The late-time light curve indicates that SSS17a produced at least ~0.05 solar masses of heavy elements, demonstrating that neutron star mergers play a role in rapid neutron capture (r-process) nucleosynthesis in the universe.
582 citations
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University of Copenhagen1, University of Utah2, Rafael Advanced Defense Systems3, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute4, University of California, Berkeley5, University of Sydney6, Texas A&M University7, Missouri State University8, Uppsala University9, Spanish National Research Council10, University of California, Los Angeles11, University of Alberta12, Mount Holyoke College13, University of Leeds14, University of Bristol15, Russian Academy of Sciences16, University of Oregon17, Moscow State University18, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan)19, University of Kansas20, National Park Service21, American Museum of Natural History22, Aarhus University23, Regierungspräsidium Stuttgart24, University of Kiel25, University of Oslo26, University of Adelaide27, University of York28, Pennsylvania State University29
TL;DR: It is shown that climate has been a major driver of population change over the past 50,000 years, however, each species responds differently to the effects of climatic shifts, habitat redistribution and human encroachment.
Abstract: Despite decades of research, the roles of climate and humans in driving the dramatic extinctions of large-bodied mammals during the Late Quaternary period remain contentious. Here we use ancient DNA, species distribution models and the human fossil record to elucidate how climate and humans shaped the demographic history of woolly rhinoceros, woolly mammoth, wild horse, reindeer, bison and musk ox. We show that climate has been a major driver of population change over the past 50,000 years. However, each species responds differently to the effects of climatic shifts, habitat redistribution and human encroachment. Although climate change alone can explain the extinction of some species, such as Eurasian musk ox and woolly rhinoceros, a combination of climatic and anthropogenic effects appears to be responsible for the extinction of others, including Eurasian steppe bison and wild horse. We find no genetic signature or any distinctive range dynamics distinguishing extinct from surviving species, emphasizing the challenges associated with predicting future responses of extant mammals to climate and human-mediated habitat change.
582 citations
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TL;DR: The status of research into important genetic and epigenetic modifiers of NAFLD progression are discussed and the potential to translate the accumulating wealth of genetic data into the design of novel therapeutics and the clinical implementation of diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers will be explored.
582 citations
Authors
Showing all 62240 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Salim Yusuf | 231 | 1439 | 252912 |
David J. Hunter | 213 | 1836 | 207050 |
Rob Knight | 201 | 1061 | 253207 |
Eric B. Rimm | 196 | 988 | 147119 |
Michael Marmot | 193 | 1147 | 170338 |
Nicholas G. Martin | 192 | 1770 | 161952 |
Jing Wang | 184 | 4046 | 202769 |
David R. Williams | 178 | 2034 | 138789 |
Jasvinder A. Singh | 176 | 2382 | 223370 |
Rory Collins | 162 | 489 | 193407 |
David W. Johnson | 160 | 2714 | 140778 |
Tien Yin Wong | 160 | 1880 | 131830 |
Barbara E.K. Klein | 160 | 856 | 93319 |
Peter B. Reich | 159 | 790 | 110377 |
Nicholas J. Talley | 158 | 1571 | 90197 |