Institution
University of York
Education•York, York, United Kingdom•
About: University of York is a education organization based out in York, York, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 22089 authors who have published 56925 publications receiving 2458285 citations. The organization is also known as: York University & Ebor..
Topics: Population, Health care, Context (language use), Randomized controlled trial, Cost effectiveness
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: It is shown that although the mere acquisition of a spoken form is swift, its engagement in lexical competition requires an incubation-like period that is crucially associated with sleep, which is best accommodated by connectionist and neural models of learning in which sleep provides an opportunity for hippocampal information to be fed into long-term neocortical memory.
Abstract: The integration of a newly learned spoken word form with existing knowledge in the mental lexicon is characterized by the word form's ability to compete with similar-sounding entries during auditory word recognition. Here we show that although the mere acquisition of a spoken form is swift, its engagement in lexical competition requires an incubation-like period that is crucially associated with sleep. Words learned at 8 p.m. do not induce (inhibitory) competition effects immediately, but do so after a 12-hr interval including a night's sleep, and continue to induce such effects after 24 hr. In contrast, words learned at 8 a.m. do not show such effects immediately or after 12 hr of wakefulness, but show the effects only after 24 hr, after sleep has occurred. This time-course dissociation is best accommodated by connectionist and neural models of learning in which sleep provides an opportunity for hippocampal information to be fed into long-term neocortical memory.
391 citations
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TL;DR: Researchers and research managers should increase the efficiency of recruitment, retention, data monitoring, and data sharing in research through use of research designs known to reduce inefficiency, and further research should be done to learn how efficiency can be increased.
391 citations
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TL;DR: The three‐dimensional structure of VvGT1 has been determined, both in its ‘Michaelis’ complex with a UDP‐glucose‐derived donor and the acceptor kaempferol and in complex with UDP and quercetin, providing the foundation for understanding the mechanism of these enzymes in small molecule homeostasis.
Abstract: Glycosylation is a key mechanism for orchestrating the bioactivity, metabolism and location of small molecules in living cells. In plants, a large multigene family of glycosyltransferases is involved in these processes, conjugating hormones, secondary metabolites, biotic and abiotic environmental toxins, to impact directly on cellular homeostasis. The red grape enzyme UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glycosyltransferase (VvGT1) is responsible for the formation of anthocyanins, the health-promoting compounds which, in planta, function as colourants determining flower and fruit colour and are precursors for the formation of pigmented polymers in red wine. We show that VvGT1 is active, in vitro, on a range of flavonoids. VvGT1 is somewhat promiscuous with respect to donor sugar specificity as dissected through full kinetics on a panel of nine sugar donors. The three-dimensional structure of VvGT1 has also been determined, both in its 'Michaelis' complex with a UDP-glucose-derived donor and the acceptor kaempferol and in complex with UDP and quercetin. These structures, in tandem with kinetic dissection of activity, provide the foundation for understanding the mechanism of these enzymes in small molecule homeostasis.
390 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the use of vignettes in social science research has been explored, focusing on internal reliability, research topics, participants, interest, relevance, realism and timing.
Abstract: Vignettes refer to stimuli, including text and images, which research participants are invited to respond. Drawing on a range of social science sources, this paper focuses on two substantive areas concerning the use of vignettes in research. Considered first is the development and construction of vignettes. This section is concerned with internal reliability; research topics; participants; and interest, relevance, realism and timing. Considered second are vignette interpretations and responses, in particular open and closed questioning; vignette perspectives; and difficulties with interpreting and responding to vignettes. Together these explorations contribute to the wider appreciation of vignette methodologies used within the social sciences. The paper concludes by outlining the limitations of using vignettes in social research.
390 citations
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated for the first time that siRNA can induce selective silencing of exogenous viral genes in mammalian cells, and that the process of siRNA interference does not interfere with the recovery of cellular regulatory systems previously inhibited by viral gene expression.
Abstract: Selective silencing of mammalian gene expression has recently been achieved using short interfering RNA (siRNA). Synthetic siRNA targets homologous mRNA for degradation and the process is highly efficient. Here we demonstrate siRNA silencing of pathogenic viral gene expression. As a well characterized model we chose cervical carcinoma cells positive for human papillomavirus type 16. Over 90% of human cervical cancers are positive for papillomavirus and abnormal cell proliferation is driven by co-operative effects of viral E6 and E7 genes. We sought to silence HPV E6 and E7 gene expression using siRNAs to target the respective viral mRNAs. Our results indicate selective degradation of E6 and E7 mRNAs. Silencing was sustained for at least 4 days following a single dose of siRNA. E6 silencing induced accumulation of cellular p53 protein, transactivation of the cell cycle control p21 gene and reduced cell growth. In contrast, E7 silencing induced apoptotic cell death. HPV-negative cells appeared unaffected by the anti-viral siRNAs. Thus we demonstrate for the first time (i) that siRNA can induce selective silencing of exogenous viral genes in mammalian cells, and (ii) that the process of siRNA interference does not interfere with the recovery of cellular regulatory systems previously inhibited by viral gene expression.
390 citations
Authors
Showing all 22432 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Cyrus Cooper | 204 | 1869 | 206782 |
Eric R. Kandel | 184 | 603 | 113560 |
Ian J. Deary | 166 | 1795 | 114161 |
Elio Riboli | 158 | 1136 | 110499 |
Claude Bouchard | 153 | 1076 | 115307 |
Robert Plomin | 151 | 1104 | 88588 |
Kevin J. Gaston | 150 | 750 | 85635 |
John R. Hodges | 149 | 812 | 82709 |
Myrna M. Weissman | 149 | 772 | 108259 |
Jeffrey A. Lieberman | 145 | 706 | 85306 |
Howard L. Weiner | 144 | 1047 | 91424 |
Dan J. Stein | 142 | 1727 | 132718 |
Jedd D. Wolchok | 140 | 713 | 123336 |
Bernard Henrissat | 139 | 593 | 100002 |
Joseph E. LeDoux | 139 | 478 | 91500 |