University of York

About: University of York is a education organization based out in York, York, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 22089 authors who have published 56925 publications receiving 2458285 citations. The organization is also known as: York University & Ebor..

Early childhood eating behaviors and adolescent eating disorders.

Abstract: Maladaptive eating patterns were traced longitudinally in a large random sample of children. Pickiness and concern with weight were more common in girls than in boys, and the prevalence of pickiness declined with age. No age or sex differences in family contention around meals nor in bingeing were shown. All problem behaviors showed significant stability over the 10-year span studied, beginning at ages 1 to 10. Certain eating and digestive problems in early childhood were predictive of symptoms of bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa in adolescence. Findings regarding prospective risks implicate pica and problem meals in early childhood for later bulimia nervosa; suggesting problems in self-control of eating behavior as well as eating-related family struggles. Risks in early childhood for subsequent symptoms of anorexia nervosa include picky eating and digestive problems.

How to manage biological invasions under globalization

Abstract: Protecting national borders against biological invasions is becoming increasingly difficult because those whose actions result in invasions seldom bear legal responsibility for those actions. Invasion costs are often an externality (an unintended side effect) of international trade. Externalities are best dealt with by internalizing them; that is, by getting those who harm society to meet the cost. This is the 'polluter pays principle', which, under current trade rules, is difficult to implement. Tariffs could, however, be used to confront exporters with the costs of their actions, and the right to do this should be embedded in trade agreements. At the same time, international aid could be used to protect donor societies against the inability of some other countries to take appropriate biosecurity measures. The impact of invasions can thus be reduced by tackling their economic externalities.

Development of a detailed chemical mechanism (MCMv3.1) for the atmospheric oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons

Abstract: . The Master Chemical Mechanism has been updated from MCMv3 to MCMv3.1 in order to take into account recent improvements in the understanding of aromatic photo-oxidation. Newly available kinetic and product data from the literature have been incorporated into the mechanism. In particular, the degradation mechanisms for hydroxyarenes have been revised following the observation of high yields of ring-retained products, and product studies of aromatic oxidation under relatively low NOx conditions have provided new information on the branching ratios to first generation products. Experiments have been carried out at the European Photoreactor (EUPHORE) to investigate key subsets of the toluene system. These results have been used to test our understanding of toluene oxidation, and, where possible, refine the degradation mechanisms. The evaluation of MCMv3 and MCMv3.1 using data on benzene, toluene, p-xylene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene photosmog systems is described in a companion paper, and significant model shortcomings are identified. Ideas for additional modifications to the mechanisms, and for future experiments to further our knowledge of the details of aromatic photo-oxidation are discussed.

The normative economics of health care finance and provision

Abstract: Whereas in many countries the 'crisis' in medical care has been seen in terms of 'excess' spending on health services, in the UK it has been seen (at least by most of those who manage and work in the NHS) as a crisis of 'underfunding' This has come about as the result of the government's successful attempts to restrain the rate of growth of real spending on the NHS, which in turn reflects the government's belief that its principal effective weapon against what it perceives to be inefficiency in the NHS is to challenge management (itself reformed and to some extent liberated) by systematic financial squeezes The same concern has given rise to a host of proposals for reform of the NHS most of which involve a much greater role for private insurance, private finance of other kinds (such as out-of-pocket payments), and private provision of health care itself