Institution
Wayne State University
Education•Detroit, Michigan, United States•
About: Wayne State University is a education organization based out in Detroit, Michigan, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Cancer. The organization has 42801 authors who have published 82738 publications receiving 3083713 citations. The organization is also known as: WSU & Wayne University.
Topics: Population, Cancer, Poison control, Pregnancy, Medicine
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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Yeshiva University1, Wayne State University2, University of Florida3, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill4, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center5, National Institutes of Health6, Medical College of Wisconsin7, Rush University Medical Center8, Rutgers University9, George Washington University10, Ohio State University11
TL;DR: Excess risk for all strokes attributed to estrogen plus progestin appeared to be present in all subgroups of women examined, and excess risk of all stroke was apparent in all age groups, in all categories of baseline stroke risk, and in women with and without hypertension, prior history of cardiovascular disease, use of hormones, statins, or aspirin.
Abstract: ContextThe Women's Health Initiative (WHI) trial of estrogen plus progestin
was stopped early because of adverse effects, including an increased risk
of stroke in the estrogen plus progestin group.ObjectiveTo assess the effect of estrogen plus progestin on ischemic and hemorrhagic
stroke and in subgroups, and to determine whether the effect of estrogen plus
progestin was modified by baseline levels of blood biomarkers.DesignMulticenter double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial
involving 16 608 women aged 50 through 79 years with an average follow-up
of 5.6 years. Baseline levels of blood-based markers of inflammation, thrombosis,
and lipid levels were measured in the first 140 centrally confirmed stroke
cases and 513 controls.InterventionsParticipants received 0.625 mg/d of conjugated equine estrogen plus
2.5 mg/d of medroxyprogesterone acetate (n = 8506) or placebo (n = 8102).Main Outcome MeasuresOverall strokes and stroke subtype and severity were centrally adjudicated
by stroke neurologists.ResultsOne hundred fifty-one patients (1.8%) in the estrogen plus progestin
and 107 (1.3%) in the placebo groups had strokes. Overall 79.8% of strokes
were ischemic. For combined ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes, the intention-to-treat
hazard ratio (HR) for estrogen plus progestin vs placebo was 1.31 (95% confidence
interval [CI], 1.02-1.68); with adjustment for adherence, the HR was 1.50
(95% CI, 1.08-2.08). The HR for ischemic stroke was 1.44 (95% CI, 1.09-1.90)
and for hemorrhagic stroke, 0.82 (95% CI, 0.43-1.56). Point estimates of the
HRs indicate that excess risk of all stroke was apparent in all age groups,
in all categories of baseline stroke risk, and in women with and without hypertension,
prior history of cardiovascular disease, use of hormones, statins, or aspirin.
Other risk factors for stroke, including smoking, blood pressure, diabetes,
lower use of vitamin C supplements, blood-based biomarkers of inflammation,
higher white blood cell count, and higher hematocrit levels did not modify
the effect of estrogen plus progestin on stroke risk.ConclusionsEstrogen plus progestin increases the risk of ischemic stroke in generally
healthy postmenopausal women. Excess risk for all strokes attributed to estrogen
plus progestin appeared to be present in all subgroups of women examined.
1,052 citations
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TL;DR: It is recommended that all HIV-infected individuals continue maintenance therapy for life with fluconazole, and HIV-negative, immunocompromised hosts should be treated in the same fashion as those with CNS disease, regardless of the site of involvement.
Abstract: An 8-person subcommittee of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Mycoses Study Group evaluated available data on the treatment of cryptococcal disease. Opinion regarding optimal treatment was based on personal experience and information in the literature. The relative strength of each recommendation was graded according to the type and degree of evidence available to support the recommendation, in keeping with previously published guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). The panel conferred in person (on 2 occasions), by conference call, and through written reviews of each draft of the manuscript. The choice of treatment for disease caused by Cryptococcus neoformans depends on both the anatomic sites of involvement and the host's immune status. For immunocompetent hosts with isolated pulmonary disease, careful observation may be warranted; in the case of symptomatic infection, indicated treatment is fluconazole, 200-400 mg/day for 36 months. For those individuals with non-CNS-isolated cryptococcemia, a positive serum cryptococcal antigen titer >1:8, or urinary tract or cutaneous disease, recommended treatment is oral azole therapy (fluconazole) for 36 months. In each case, careful assessment of the CNS is required to rule out occult meningitis. For those individuals who are unable to tolerate fluconazole, itraconazole (200-400 mg/day for 6-12 months) is an acceptable alternative. For patients with more severe disease, treatment with amphotericin B (0.5-1 mg/kg/d) may be necessary for 6-10 weeks. For otherwise healthy hosts with CNS disease, standard therapy consists of amphotericin B, 0.7-1 mg/kg/d, plus flucytosine, 100 mg/kg/d, for 6-10 weeks. An alternative to this regimen is amphotericin B (0.7-1 mg/kg/d) plus 5-flucytosine (100 mg/kg/d) for 2 weeks, followed by fluconazole (400 mg/day) for a minimum of 10 weeks. Fluconazole "consolidation" therapy may be continued for as along as 6-12 months, depending on the clinical status of the patient. HIV-negative, immunocompromised hosts should be treated in the same fashion as those with CNS disease, regardless of the site of involvement. Cryptococcal disease that develops in patients with HIV infection always warrants therapy. For those patients with HIV who present with isolated pulmonary or urinary tract disease, fluconazole at 200-400 mg/d is indicated. Although the ultimate impact from highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is currently unclear, it is recommended that all HIV-infected individuals continue maintenance therapy for life. Among those individuals who are unable to tolerate fluconazole, itraconazole (200-400 mg/d) is an acceptable alternative. For patients with more severe disease, a combination of fluconazole (400 mg/d) plus flucytosine (100-150 mg/d) may be used for 10 weeks, followed by fluconazole maintenance therapy. Among patients with HIV infection and cryptococcal meningitis, induction therapy with amphotericin B (0.7-1 mg/kg/d) plus flucytosine (100 mg/kg/d for 2 weeks) followed by fluconazole (400 mg/d) for a minimum of 10 weeks is the treatment of choice. After 10 weeks of therapy, the fluconazole dosage may be reduced to 200 mg/d, depending on the patient's clinical status. Fluconazole should be continued for life. An alternative regimen for AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis is amphotericin B (0.7-1 mg/kg/d) plus 5-flucytosine (100 mg/kg/d) for 6-10 weeks, followed by fluconazole maintenance therapy. Induction therapy beginning with an azole alone is generally discouraged. Lipid formulations of amphotericin B can be substituted for amphotericin B for patients whose renal function is impaired. Fluconazole (400-800 mg/d) plus flucytosine (100-150 mg/kg/d) for 6 weeks is an alternative to the use of amphotericin B, although toxicity with this regimen is high. In all cases of cryptococcal meningitis, careful attention to the management of intracranial pressure is imperative to assure optimal c
1,047 citations
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TL;DR: The authors develop a comprehensive confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) marker technique analysis plan, and demonstrate this plan with an empirical example and discuss assumptions and limitations of the Comprehensive CFA Marker Technique.
Abstract: Lindell and Whitney introduced a partial correlation technique, now referred to as the correlational marker technique, for controlling method variance using a marker variable that is theoretically unrelated to substantive variables in a study. This article (a) first reviews their specific analysis plan, and then (b) reviews empirical studies that have followed all or part of this plan. The authors also (c) describe a structural equation method that has been applied to the analysis of marker variables and (d) review empirical studies using this analytical approach. Next, the authors (e) develop a comprehensive confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) marker technique analysis plan, and (f) demonstrate this plan with an empirical example. Finally, the authors (g) describe how marker variables can be examined along with other method variance processes, (h) discuss the important role of theory in the critical step of selecting marker variables, and (i) discuss assumptions and limitations of the Comprehensive CFA Ma...
1,043 citations
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TL;DR: Low-intensity, fixed-dose warfarin plus aspirin in this regimen is insufficient for stroke prevention in patients with non-valvular AF at high-risk for thromboembolism; adjusted-doseWarfarin (target INR 2.0-3.0) importantly reduces stroke for high- risk patients.
1,028 citations
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TL;DR: It is concluded that X-ray diffraction can provide the spatial distribution of the dynamic features of a protein.
Abstract: X-ray diffraction at four temperatures from 220 to 300 K coupled with crystallographic refinement yields the mean-square displacements and conformational potentials of all 1,261 non-hydrogen atoms of metmyoglobin. The results are interpreted to indicate a condensed core around the haem, semi-liquid regions towards the outside and a possible pathway for ligands. It is concluded that X-ray diffraction can provide the spatial distribution of the dynamic features of a protein.
1,027 citations
Authors
Showing all 43073 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Robert Langer | 281 | 2324 | 326306 |
Eugene Braunwald | 230 | 1711 | 264576 |
Rakesh K. Jain | 200 | 1467 | 177727 |
Anil K. Jain | 183 | 1016 | 192151 |
Richard A. Gibbs | 172 | 889 | 249708 |
Bradley Cox | 169 | 2150 | 156200 |
Jun Wang | 166 | 1093 | 141621 |
David Altshuler | 162 | 345 | 201782 |
Elliott M. Antman | 161 | 716 | 179462 |
Jovan Milosevic | 152 | 1433 | 106802 |
Roberto Romero | 151 | 1516 | 108321 |
Kypros H. Nicolaides | 147 | 1302 | 87091 |
John F. Hartwig | 145 | 714 | 66472 |
Charles Maguire | 142 | 1197 | 95026 |
Mingshui Chen | 141 | 1543 | 125369 |