Wayne State University

About: Wayne State University is a education organization based out in Detroit, Michigan, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Cancer. The organization has 42801 authors who have published 82738 publications receiving 3083713 citations. The organization is also known as: WSU & Wayne University.

Phase II randomized clinical trial of lycopene supplementation before radical prostatectomy

Abstract: An inverse association has been observed between dietary intake of lycopene and the risk of prostate cancer. We investigated the effects of lycopene supplementation in patients with prostate cancer. Twenty-six men with newly diagnosed, clinically localized (14 T1 and 12 T2) prostate cancer were randomly assigned to receive 15 mg of lycopene (n 15) twice daily or no supplementation (n 11) for 3 weeks before radical prostatectomy. Biomarkers of differentiation and apoptosis were assessed by Western blot analysis on benign and malignant parts of the prostate gland. Prostatectomy specimens were entirely embedded, step-sectioned, and evaluated for pathological stage, Gleason score, volume of cancer, and extent of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Plasma levels of lycopene, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF binding protein-3, and prostate-specific antigen were measured at baseline and after 3 weeks of supplementation or observation. Eleven (73%) subjects in the intervention group and two (18%) subjects in the control group had no involvement of surgical margins and/or extra-prostatic tissues with cancer (P 0.02). Twelve (84%) subjects in the lycopene group and five (45%) subjects in the control group had tumors < 4m l in size (P 0.22). Diffuse involvement of the prostate by high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia was present in 10 (67%) subjects in the intervention group and in 11 (100%) subjects in the control group (P 0.05). Plasma prostate-specific antigen levels decreased by 18% in the intervention group, whereas they increased by 14% in the control group (P 0.25). Expression of connexin 43 in cancerous prostate tissue was 0.63 0.19 absorbance in the lycopene group compared with 0.25 0.08 in the control group (P 0.13). Expression of bcl-2 and bax did not differ significantly between the two study groups. IGF-1 levels decreased in both groups (P 0.0002 and P 0.0003, respectively). The results suggest that lycopene supplementation may decrease the growth of prostate cancer. However, no firm conclusions can be drawn at this time because of the small sample size.

Strategies to Prevent Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infections in Acute Care Hospitals: 2014 Update

Abstract: Previously published guidelines are available that provide comprehensive recommendations for detecting and preventing healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). The intent of this document is to highlight practical recommendations in a concise format designed to assist acute care hospitals in implementing and prioritizing their central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) prevention efforts. This document updates “Strategies to Prevent Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections in Acute Care Hospitals,” published in 2008. This expert guidance document is sponsored by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) and is the product of a collaborative effort led by SHEA, the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), the American Hospital Association (AHA), the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC), and The Joint Commission, with major contributions from representatives of a number of organizations and societies with content expertise. The list of endorsing and supporting organizations is presented in the introduction to the 2014 updates.

Evaluation of changes in the size and location of the prostate, seminal vesicles, bladder, and rectum during a course of external beam radiation therapy

Abstract: Purpose : To document the size and location of the prostate, seminal vesicles, bladder, and rectum throughout the course of external beam radiotherapy. The frequency and range of motion of these organs are quantified. Methods and Materials : Ten patients with localized carcinoma of the prostate had conventional simulation followed immediately by a treatment planning computed tomography scan (TPCT 0 ). Once treatment was initiated, each patient had a weekly CT (TPCT 1-N ) before or after his daily treatment. Anatomical structures from CT were delineated on a computer workstation for analysis. The serial CT sets were spatially registered to the initial scan using image correlation software that brings into congruence the bony pelvis of the different scans. The location of the prostate, seminal vesicles, bladder, and rectum on subsequent scans were compared to TPCT 0 , as well as to each other. Results : Prostate volumes were observed to vary by an average of ±10% during the course of radiation therapy, while the seminal vesicle volumes varied by as much as 100%. Bladder and rectal volumes varied by ±30%. Compared to TPCT 0 , movement of the prostate was demonstrated in all patients. Quantitation of the center-of-mass (CM) showed motion of less than 1 mm in the left-right direction, while motion ranging from 0 to ± 1 cm was observed in the anterior-posterior and superior-inferior directions. The individual standard deviations of these motions varied from approximately 1-5 mm. These variations were correlated to changes in the dimensions of the bladder and rectum. Conclusions : Changes in the location of the prostate, seminal vesicles, and normal tissue volumes during the course of radiation therapy occur and have dosimetric consequences that may impact tumor control and normal tissue complication probabilities. Conformal therapy for prostate cancer will require the incorporation of knowledge of the anatomic relationships of these structures as a function of time. Therefore, these uncertainties must be taken into account when designing treatment plans and in considering dose escalation trials.

Update on the use of immunoglobulin in human disease: A review of evidence

Abstract: Human immunoglobulin preparations for intravenous or subcutaneous administration are the cornerstone of treatment in patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases affecting the humoral immune system. Intravenous preparations have a number of important uses in the treatment of other diseases in humans as well, some for which acceptable treatment alternatives do not exist. We provide an update of the evidence-based guideline on immunoglobulin therapy, last published in 2006. Given the potential risks and inherent scarcity of human immunoglobulin, careful consideration of its indications and administration is warranted.