Wayne State University

About: Wayne State University is a education organization based out in Detroit, Michigan, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Cancer. The organization has 42801 authors who have published 82738 publications receiving 3083713 citations. The organization is also known as: WSU & Wayne University.

Low-abundance drug-resistant viral variants in chronically HIV-infected, antiretroviral treatment-naive patients significantly impact treatment outcomes.

Abstract: Background Minor (ie, <20% prevalence) drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) variants may go undetected, yet be clinically important Objectives To compare the prevalence of drug-resistant variants detected with standard and ultra-deep sequencing (detection down to 1% prevalence) and to determine the impact of minor resistant variants on virologic failure (VF) Methods The Flexible Initial Retrovirus Suppressive Therapies (FIRST) Study (N = 1397) compared 3 initial antiretroviral therapy (ART) strategies A random subset (n = 491) had baseline testing for drug-resistance mutations performed by use of standard sequencing methods Ultra-deep sequencing was performed on samples that had sufficient viral content (N = 264) Proportional hazards models were used to compare rates of VF for those who did and did not have mutations identified Results Mutations were detected by standard and ultra-deep sequencing (in 14% and 28% of participants, respectively, P <001) Among individuals who initiated treatment with an ART regimen that combined nucleoside and nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (hereafter, "NNRTI strategy"), all individuals who had an NNRTI-resistance mutation identified by ultra-deep sequencing experienced VF When these individuals were compared with individuals who initiated treatment with the NNRTI strategy but who had no NNRTI-resistance mutations, the risk of VF was higher for those who had an NNRTI-resistance mutation detected by both methods (hazard ratio [HR], 1240 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 341-4510]) and those who had mutation(s) detected only with ultra-deep sequencing (HR, 250 [95% CI, 117-536]) Conclusions Ultra-deep sequencing identified a significantly larger proportion of HIV-infected, treatment-naive persons as harboring drug-resistant viral variants Among participants who initiated treatment with the NNRTI strategy, the risk of VF was significantly greater for participants who had low- and high-prevalence NNRTI-resistant variants

Centrality determination of Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76 TeV with ALICE

Abstract: This publication describes the methods used to measure the centrality of inelastic Pb-Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV per colliding nucleon pair with ALICE. The centrality is a key parameter in the study of the properties of QCD matter at extreme temperature and energy density, because it is directly related to the initial overlap region of the colliding nuclei. Geometrical properties of the collision, such as the number of participating nucleons and the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions, are deduced from a Glauber model with a sharp impact parameter selection and shown to be consistent with those extracted from the data. The centrality determination provides a tool to compare ALICE measurements with those of other experiments and with theoretical calculations.