Showing papers in "Anaerobe in 2016"

TL;DR: Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, novel genus Clostridioides gen. nov. is proposed for Clastridium difficile as Clostidioides difficILE gen. comb.

TL;DR: Data indicate that gad genes as well as the ability to produce GABA are widely distributed among lactobacilli and bifidobacteria (mainly in L. plantarum, L. brevis, B. dentium) and other gut-derived bacterial species.

TL;DR: The results suggest that a low protein diet may modulate the microbial composition and metabolites of the hindgut, without affecting the growth performance of pigs; however, potential roles of this modulation to the health of pigs remains unknown.

TL;DR: Several studies using knock-out mutants suggest that C. difficile may undergo a switch between the adhesion phenotype and the motility phenotype during the course of infection, regulated by the c-di-GMP intracellular level.

TL;DR: Rational manipulation of secondary bile acids may prove beneficial as a treatment for patients with CDI and shed light on how bile acid play a role in colonization resistance against C. difficile.

TL;DR: The results of this study suggest that the rumen microbiome continues to evolve as the dairy cow advances in lactations and these changes may have a significant role in milk production.

TL;DR: It is reported that alginate and the low molecular polymer derivatives of mannuronic acid oligosaccharides (MO) and guluronic fatty acids (GO) can be completely degraded and utilized at various rates by fecal microbiota obtained from six Chinese individuals.

TL;DR: A simple roadmap is formulated whereby the necessary gene systems maybe developed and deployed and the creation of a pyrE mutant (a uracil auxotroph), initially aided by ClosTron technology, but ultimately made using a special form of allelic exchange termed ACE (Allele-Coupled Exchange).

TL;DR: This review focuses on the current understanding of structural and functional changes to the gut microbiota during C. difficile infection obtained from studies assessing the microbiome and metabolome of samples from patients and murine models.

TL;DR: The preclinical development and early clinical studies of the beta-lactamase enzymes, P3A, currently referred to as SYN-004, and its precursor, P1A are presented, designed as orally-delivered, non-systemically available therapeutics for use with intravenous beta- lactam antibiotics.

TL;DR: The results indicated that CRO plays an important part in the search for novel sources of agents that can act against oral pathogens.

TL;DR: Using this optimised conjugation method, the ease with which the chromosome of R20291 could be precisely manipulated by homologous recombination was greatly increased, which will help speed genetic manipulation of strains otherwise difficult to work with.

TL;DR: Advances in culture techniques and new methods of organism identification have lead to increased identification of this organism, which may be a more frequent bone and joint pathogen than previously realized.

TL;DR: This data comparison shows significant changes in antimicrobial resistance in some anaerobic groups, and it is continued to recommend institutions regularly perform susceptibility testing when anaerobes are cultured from pertinent sites.

TL;DR: Results indicate strong shifts in the microbial community during severe SARA compared to normal conditions, and Supplementation of PDA positively modulates ruminal fermentation under normal ruminal pH conditions.

TL;DR: Introducing oligosaccharides which are candidate prebiotics into pure or mixed cultures has affected bacterial adhesion and clostridia were the most strongly influenced members of the microflora amongst the bacterial groups tested in mixed culture.

TL;DR: The lower gastrointestinal tract and wound infections were the two most frequent sources for bacteraemia, with the origin remaining unknown in 62 cases and the overall mortality rate was 14%.

TL;DR: The biodegrading capacity of the Neocallimastix with methanogen co-cultures and the N. frontalis Yaktz1 mono-culture both have great potentials for different industrial use.

TL;DR: The adaptive immunity provides a highly specific immune response against C. difficile with memory and long lasting immunity as the third line of defense required to control the infectious process.

TL;DR: It is argued that F. necrophorum is an important pathogen involved in pharyngotonsillitis in the age group of 13-40 years of age and it is urged that clinical microbiology labs to set up the appropriate techniques to be able to detect F.Necrophorum from throat swabs.

TL;DR: The role of neutrophils (infiltration to infected tissue, pathogen clearance and resolution of inflammation) in the immuno-pathogenesis of C. difficile-associated disease (CDAD) is focused on.

TL;DR: Overall, ETBF carriage was detected more often in CRC patient stool samples compared to controls, but disparate findings from the different DNA preparations and testing methods suggests that poor sensitivity may limit molecular detection of ETBF in stool samples.

TL;DR: This study assessed the immunogenic properties of a recombinant SlpA precursor derived from a toxigenic C. difficile strain and its protective effect as a vaccine antigen co-administered with the cholera toxin as an adjuvant in both hamster and mouse models.

TL;DR: The results show that MALDI-TOF MS is a robust and reliable tool for the identification of anaerobic isolates in the microbiology laboratory and its implementation will reduce the turnaround time for a final identification and the number of isolates that require 16S rRNA sequencing.

TL;DR: Results indicate that EAA had less effect on bacterial communities, but increased bacterial fermentation of protein in the cecum under low-CP diet.

TL;DR: Three different culture-independent methods used in this study show that high proportion of concentrate in goat diet does not induce any serious disturbance of their rumen ecosystem and indicate the good adaptive response of caprine ruminal bacteria to incorporation of corn into the diet.

TL;DR: The effect of quercetin on the growth and genetic expression of three different commensal gut bacteria was documented for the first time and provides insight into the interactions between genetic regulation and growth.

TL;DR: The results obtained highlight the need to raise awareness to the microbiological diagnosis of CDI among clinicians and to implement and harmonize diagnostic methods for CDI in Italian laboratories in the perspective of a future national surveillance.

TL;DR: The regulatory challenges of probiotic research, expert opinion regarding the application of Probiotics to C. difficile infection and the efficacy of probiotics in preventing this disease are discussed.

TL;DR: It is suggested that serum albumin and the presence of renal disease, associated with severe CDI in three definitions, may be useful for identifying patients at risk of a poor outcome.