Showing papers in "Best Practice & Research Clinical Haematology in 2011"

TL;DR: The targets and mechanisms of BM-MSC mediated neuroprotection are discussed, which offer significant practical advantages over other types of stem cells since they can be obtained from the adult BM and can be easily cultured and expanded in vitro under GMP conditions displaying a very low risk of malignant transformation.

TL;DR: This chapter presents a state of the art review summarizing the definition of histologic transformation, its incidence, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, treatment and outcome, and specifically emphasize gaps in knowledge that should be addressed in future studies.

TL;DR: In autoimmune diseases persistent antigenic stimulation recruits endogenous MSC to the site of lesion that contribute to the fibrotic evolution and dissecting the inflammatory environment in autoimmune diseases will identify the best conditions amenable to successful MSC therapy.

TL;DR: MSCs is a novel treatment that may be used for GVHD, tissue toxicity and hemorrhages because of its immune inhibitory and anti-inflammatory effects.

TL;DR: This review focuses on the search of novel markers for the prospective identification/isolation of MSCs and on the potential risks connected with ex vivo expansion of M SCs, in particular that of their malignant transformation.

TL;DR: The most frequently used markers are summarized and new targets for antibody-based isolation procedures of primary bone marrow-derived MSC are introduced.

TL;DR: Classes of CD4+ T-cell populations including follicular helper T cells and regulatory T cells are now identified as major players to regulate the delicate balance of effector populations into a supportive microenvironment.

TL;DR: The potency of MAPC is described, the current understanding in relationship with novel insights gained in epigenetic modifications that increase cellular potency are described, and their possible clinical applications are described.

TL;DR: This view brings the long recognized, and somewhat mysterious, interaction between bone and bone marrow into a new perspective, where two stem cells interact with each other at the same niche.

TL;DR: Current strategies directed at improving TNC and CD34(+) cell doses at transplant are discussed, with particular attention paid to the use of a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)/CB mononuclear cell ex vivo co-culture expansion system.

TL;DR: Nonmyeloablative haploidentical stem cell transplantation with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide seems to be a promising, potentially curative, option for patients with hematological malignancies who either lack an HLA-matched related or unrelated donor, or in whom a myeloablatives preparative regimen is contraindicated due to significant co-morbidities or history of extensive pre-treatment.

TL;DR: In the last 5 years, genome-wide profiling of gene expression, structural DNA alterations and sequence variations has yielded important insights into the nature of submicroscopic genetic alterations that define novel subgroups of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and cooperate with known cytogenetic alterations in leukemogenesis.

TL;DR: Retrospective comparative trials showed that while outcome may be similar with the various regimens in patients given SCT in remission, NMA/RIC are inferior when SCT is given in advanced disease, due to high relapse risk.

TL;DR: In the setting of haploidentical transplantation infusion of Tregs makes administration of a high dose of T cells feasible and provides a long-term protection from GvHD and robust immune reconstitution.

TL;DR: This haploidentical transplantation procedure can now serve as a basis for further cellular immunotherapy in the treatment of malignant and non-malignant diseases.

TL;DR: The origin of HTLV-1; the modes of transmission and global epidemiology of HT LV infection; the genome of HTlv-1 and the mechanism of HTLLV-1-induced leukemogenesis; the role of HTLM in other diseases, and recent breakthroughs in ATL therapy are discussed.

TL;DR: The translocation t(14;18) is present in approximately 90% of FL leading to the upregulation of the anti-apoptotic protein BCL2, that may constitute a promising molecular target for therapeutic approaches.

TL;DR: This chapter reviews the progress that has been made in the development of clinical radioimmunotherapy in follicular lymphoma and suggest some guidelines to use it appropriately in first-line but also in the increasing number of patients emerging who are rituximab-refractory.

TL;DR: The current status of adoptive immunotherapy against several viral diseases including cytomegalovirus, adenov virus, Epstein-Barr virus and polyomavirus is summarized.

TL;DR: This chapter sought to review the present knowledge on morphological, cytogenetic and molecular features in FL3B, which in many features resembles diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

TL;DR: This review describes the development and clinical achievements so far of next generation anti-CD20 and other antibodies in the treatment of follicular B-cell lymphoma.

TL;DR: Other new technologies, such as SPADE analysis and single cell network profiling (SCNP), are enabling researchers to put different cancers into more biologically similar categories and have the potential to enable more personalized medicine.

TL;DR: The data suggest that both achieving and maintaining a high level of NK activity may contribute to prevent relapse, and since NK activity could be markedly increased by in-vitro stimulation with Interleukin 2 (IL-2), in vivo administration should be considered.

TL;DR: Novel and effective strategies aimed at further augmenting the graft-versus-leukemia effect and at optimizing prevention/treatment of opportunistic/viral infections are warranted.

TL;DR: This review critically address important considerations on how to interpret MPC nomenclature, heterogeneity and differentiation abilities, and their topography and prospective cellular relationship with pericytes, adventitial reticulocytes (ARCs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).

TL;DR: Long-term low-dose IL-2 subcutaneous application is feasible in children due to a low side effect profile even after HLA mismatched transplantation and may be a strategy to prevent relapse in pediatric malignancies with extremely high risk of relapse.

TL;DR: Synergistic enhancement in combination may be due to differential targets may therefore be effective in improving clinical outcomes in the transplant settings as well as in other lymphopenic states induced by high dose chemotherapy/radiation therapy or HIV, and may also be useful in improving responses to vaccination and augmenting anti-tumor immunotherapy.

TL;DR: There is strong data to support the use of FDG PET/CT for primary staging, resulting in significant management change, and molecular imaging is likely to play an increasing role in selection of patients for specific treatments and in prognostic stratification.

TL;DR: Glyco- or protein engineering of antibodies' Fc region has demonstrated promising activity in preclinical models, and data from on-going and future studies will determine whether promising preclinical results will indeed translate into improved drugs for the treatment of lymphoma patients.

TL;DR: The experience demonstrates that infusing a megadose of extensively T-cell-depleted hematopoietic peripheral blood stem cells after an immuno-myeloablative conditioning regimen in acute leukemia patients ensures sustained engraftment with minimal GvHD without the need of any post-transplant immunosuppressive treatment.