Showing papers in "Cellular Signalling in 2010"

TL;DR: The current understanding of Dvl functions in Wnt signal transduction and its biological functions in mouse development are summarized, and the molecular mechanisms of its actions are discussed.

TL;DR: The current knowledge about the roles of Jun proteins in human neoplasia is described and pathological examples demonstrating that the initial dogma has to be reexamined are focused on.

TL;DR: The activity of p21 is discussed and current knowledge of the determinants that control p21 transcription, mRNA stability and translation, and protein stability and activity are focused on.

TL;DR: Recent advances in understanding of the posttranslational modifications of NF-kappaB are summarized, the interplay between the various modifications, and the physiological relevance of these modifications are summarized.

TL;DR: This review will summarize the key events that lead to TNF-alpha elaboration in the CNS, and the effects that these inflammatory signals impart on neuronal signaling in the context of homeostasis and neuropathology.

TL;DR: The activation of the Src, Syk, and Tec kinases from the perspective of structure, phosphorylation, allosteric regulation, and kinetics is discussed.

TL;DR: Recent advances on a broad perspective concerning DC-SIGN structure, signalling and immune function are discussed.

TL;DR: It is reported here that ionizing radiation (IR) induces de novo synthesis of ceramide to influence HeLa cell apoptosis by specifically activating CerS isoforms 2, 5, and 6 that generate opposing anti- and pro-apoptotic ceramides in mitochondrial membranes.

TL;DR: The data demonstrate that KEAP1 is involved in the negative regulation of NF-kappaB signaling through the inhibition of IKK beta phosphorylation and the mediation of autophagy-dependent IKKbeta degradation.

TL;DR: The cell and molecular biology as well as the prominent pathophysiological aspects of the endothelin system are reviewed.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that FTY720 (Fingolimod™) and (S)-FTY720 vinylphosphonate are novel inhibitors of SK1 catalytic activity and induce the proteasomal degradation of this enzyme in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, MCF-7 breast cancer cells and androgen-independent LNCaP-AI prostate cancer cells.

TL;DR: The signaling pathways regulated by 5-HT1A receptors are reviewed, the potential implication of these signaling pathways in 5- HT1A receptor-regulated physiological processes and behaviors is discussed, and the signaling pathways traditionally regulated by growth factors are discussed.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that Neu1 desialylation of alpha-2,3-sialyl residues of TLR receptors enables in removing a steric hinderance to receptor association for TLR activation and cellular signaling.

TL;DR: The evidence that insulin/IGF-1 signaling can enhance the NF-kappaB signaling and subsequently potentiate the aging process and aggravate age-related degenerative diseases is discussed.

TL;DR: Defining the physiological function and mechanism of TbetaRIII action and alterations in T betaRIII function during cancer progression should enable more effective targeting of T BetaRIII and Tbeta RIII mediated functions for the diagnosis and treatment of human cancer.

TL;DR: Its effect on immune cell signalling pathways is summarised, from its established role in T and B antigen receptor signalling to its emerging role regulating innate immune cell recognition and cytokine production.

TL;DR: This work demonstrates that in the tumors derived from MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell xenografts, simvastatin significantly inhibited phosphorylation of Akt with concomitant attenuation of the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl(XL).

TL;DR: It is suggested that apart from reported AM PK-dependent regulation of autophagic degradation, an AMPK-independent pathway triggers Ca(2+)-mediated autophagy, involving the PI(3)P-effector protein WIPI-1 and LC3.

TL;DR: It is shown that MKK3 and MKK6 are both essential for the activation of p38gamma and p38beta induced by environmental stress, whereas MKK 6 is the major p38Gamma activator in response to TNFalpha.

TL;DR: The data suggest that leptin signalling regulates VEGF mainly through HIF-1alpha and NFkappaB, which could be used as a novel way to treat breast cancer.

TL;DR: Differential regulation of angiopoietin binding allows control of Tie2 activation response to Ang1 without affecting Ang2 agonist activity and maintains the ability of Ang2 to antagonize even the enhanced Ang1 activation of tie2 that occurs on loss of Tie1 ectodomain.

TL;DR: This review focuses on protein kinases involved in different signaling pathways and their alterations in solid tumors and indicates that combination of both chemotherapeutics and protein kinase inhibitors may result in new and more successful therapeutic approaches.

TL;DR: The results demonstrated the early activation of NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression first in directly irradiated and then bystander fibroblasts, the further modulation of critical proteins, including IL-33, by AKT in bystander cells and late drastic changes in cell survival and in enhanced sensitivity to TRAIL-induced apoptosis after suppression of the IGF-1R-AKT-IL-33 signaling cascade.

TL;DR: WISP1 inhibits DOX-induced p53 activation, p38 MAPK and JNK phosphorylation, Bax translocation to mitochondria, and cytochrome c release into cytoplasm, and induces its own expression, which provides important insights into the cytoprotective effects of WISP 1 in cardiomyocytes, and suggest a potential therapeutic role for WISp1 in DOx-induced cardiotoxicity.

TL;DR: A specific signaling pathway is identified, mediated by RhoA and ROCK1, which determines cell fate by promoting SG formation or initiating apoptosis during stress, and is found to be important for SG formation and subsequent global translational repression.

TL;DR: The data suggest that in T47D cells ErbB family ligands induce a dynamic, PI3K/Akt-sensitive and MEK-independent compensatory ERK activation circuit that is absent in MCF7 cells, and suggests that PDZ-Binding Kinase/T-LAK Cell-Originated Protein Kinase (PBK/TOPK) may play a role in mediating MEk-independent ERKactivation.

TL;DR: It is shown that IkappaBalpha ubiquitination and deubiquitination processes function as a Yin-Yang regulatory mechanism on TNFalpha-induced NF-kappaB activation.

TL;DR: The role of LRRK2 in signal transduction pathways to identify putative PD-relevant downstream targets is investigated and induction of the ERK module by L RRK2 was associated to a small but significant induction of SNCA, which was suppressed by treatment with the selective MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitor U0126.

TL;DR: Ser392 phosphorylation is shown to be an integral event that occurs not only in response to UV, but also during the induction of p53 by a range of stimuli including treatment of cells with the MDM2 inhibitor, Nutlin 3a, which suggests that, physiologically, Ser392 may be phosphorylated by an, as yet, unidentified protein kinase.

TL;DR: It is concluded that PRAS40-Ser183 is a component of insulin action, and that efficient phosphorylation of PRAS 40-Ser 183 by mTORC1 requires the phosphorylated of PRas40-Thr246 by PKB/Akt.